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This study was carried out to document the pelvic and testicular biometric characteristics of Sahel goats. Record of body weight, body condition score, height at withers, scrotal length, scrotal circumference and external pelvic circumference were obtained from 400 male and 600 female Sahel goats. All the goats were approximately 1.5 years old and weighing 14 to 18 kg, with body condition score of 3 or 4 (scale of 1-5). The mean bodyweight of Sahel bucks was 15.12 ± 1.10 kg while that of Sahel does was 13.22 ± 1.12 kg, height at withers in bucks and does were 52.22 ± 1.20 cm, and 48.13 ± 1.23 cm respectively. The scrotal length and circumference in Sahel bucks were 11.39 ± 1.12 cm and 17.95 ± 1.21 cm respectively. The external pelvic circumference in Sahel does was 55.13 ± 1.16 cm. There was significant (P<0.05) positive correlation between the body weight and body condition score in bucks (r=0.52) and in does (r=0.42). It was observed that there was weak but positive correlation between the body weight and height at withers (r=0.34), in bucks and in does (r=0.25; P <0.5). A low but significant positive correlation was found between the body weight and scrotal circumference r=0.28, (P<0.05) in bucks. There was a highsignificant positive correlation between the scrotal length and scrotal circumference r=0.66, (P <0.05). The external pelvic circumference in Sahel does was also significantly positively correlated with body weight r=0.40, (P<0.05) and with the body condition score r= 0.33, (P<0.05). In conclusion, the body weight, body condition score, height at withers, scrotal length, scrotal circumference and external pelvic circumference of Sahel goats in Maiduguri were successfully determined, these parameters studied might serve as a bases for determining the breeding soundness of Sahel goats.
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References
- Abba, Y and Igbokwe, I.O. (2015). Testicular and related size evaluations in Nigerian Sahel Goats with optimal epididymal sperm. Veterinary Medicine International, 1-15.
- Adedeji, O.S and Gbadamosi, A.J. (1999). Relationship of scrotal circumference, age, body weight and the right and left scrotal length in Red Sokoto (Maradi) goat. Proceeding of 26th Annual Nigerian Society of Animal Production (NSAP) Conference 21-25 March 1999: Ilorin, Nigeria. Pp 305-309.
- Adeyinka, I.A and Mohammed, I. D. (2006). Relationship of live weight and linear body measurement in two breeds of goats of Northern Nigeria. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5(11): 891-893.
- Ahmed, A., Babiker, A., Gubartallal, A., Kamal, A. and Bakhiet, O. (2005). Comparative Studies on reproductive performance of Nubian and Saanen bucks under the climatic conditions of Khartoum. Journal Animal and Veterinary Advances. 4: 942-944.
- Ajani, S.O., Oyeyemi, M. O. and Olusoji, J. (2015). Correlation between weight, age, scrotal circumference and the testicular epididymal parameters of red Sokoto buck. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 7 (5): 159-163.
- Alemayehu, T., Tikabo, G. and Gangwar, S.K. (2010). Application of linear body measurement for predicting body weight of Abergelle Goat breed in Tigray region Northern Ethiopia. Global Journal of Biological Science, 1(2):314-319.
- Amare, E.G. and Kefelegn, W. (2017). Body weight and scrotal-testicular biometry in 3 indigenous breed of bucks in arid and semi-arid agro-ecologies, Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 4: 1-9.
- Amin, J.D., Waziri, M.A. and Ribadu, A. Y. (Eds) (2016). Dentition and ageing. In: Manual of Animal Restraint. Gabdel Integrated Service Publisher. 87-89.
- Babale, D.M., Abaya, U.H. and Gworgwor, Z. (2018). Relationship between liveweights, linear body measurements and cost prices of small ruminants sold in and around Mubi environs, Adamawa state, Nigeria. Journal of Dairy, Veterinary and Animal Research, 7 (6): 273‒277.
- Bukar, M. M., Amin, J.D., Sivachelvan, M.N. and Ribadu, A.Y. (2006). Postnatal histological development of the ovaries and uterus and the attainment of puberty in female kid goats Small Ruminant Research,65 (3): 200-208.
- Bukar, M. M., Rosnina, Y., Wahid, H., Dhaliwal, G. K., Mohammed, A.G.K. and Ariff, O. M. (2012). Oestrus response and follicular development in Boer Does synchronized with flugestone acetate and PGFα or their combination with eCG or FSH. Tropical Animal Health Production, 44: 1505-1511.
- Burkholder, W.J. (2000).Condition scores in clinical assessment of the provision of optimal nutrition, American Journal of Veterinary Medicine Association, 2 (17): 650-665.
- Dehouegnon, J. A., Tatiana, D. D. and Nazan, K. (2017).Recent Developments in Goat Farming and Perspectives for a Sustainable Production in Western Africa International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology(IJEAB) 2,4 2047-205.
- Dereje, T.1., Berhanu, B. and Aynalem, H. (2013). Linear Body Measurements as Predictor of Body Weight in Hararghe Highland Goats under Farmers Environment: Ethiopia. Global Veterinarian, 11 (5): 649-656.
- Ebegbulem, V.N., Ibe, S.N., Ozung, P.O. and Ubua, J.A. (2011). Morphometric trait characteristics of West African Dwarf goats in Abia state, South East Nigeria. Continental Journal of Agricultural Science, 5 (2):1-6.
- FAOSTAT (2008). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division. FAO Statistic Retrieved.
- Hifzan, R.M., Ismail, I. and Yaakub, H. (2015). Growth Pattern for Body Weight, Height at Withers and Body Length of Kalahari Red Goats. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 18: 200-203.
- Jamie, L.S.and Clifford, F.S. (2014). Puberty and Estrus in Goats MSD and the MSD Veterinary Manual. Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine.
- Josue, C.V., Jennifer, M., Woodward, G., Curtis, P.V.T., Clet, W.M. and Max, F.R. (2018). Prediction of live weight of rural African goats using body measurement. Livestock Research for Rural Development,30 (7): 60-68.
- Kumbhar, U.B., Gulavane, S.U., Gaikwad, S.M., Lokhande, D.U., Ingole, S.D.and Sachdeva, G. (2017). Relationship ofUltrasonographic Testicular Biometry with Body Weight, Scrotal Circumference in Pre and Post Pubertal Osmanabadi Bucks. International Journal of Livestock Research. 7 (11) 206-208.
- Kwari, H.D. (2001). A morphological Study of the Ecotypes of Sahel Goats in Borno State with special reference to Sexual Dimorphism. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria.
- Memon, M.A., Mickelsen, W.D. and Goyal, H.O. (2007).Examination of reproductive tract and evaluation of potential breeding soundness in the bucks. Theriogenology, 2(4): 26-47.
- Mohamed, G.H., Mohamed, S.E., Sayed, T. I. and Amal, M.E. (2020). Seasonal changes in testicular ultrasonogram pixel-intensity and their association with Semen characteristics in rams. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction. 9(1): 49-54.
- Morand, F., Boutonnet, J., Devendra, C., Dubeuf, J., Haenlein, G.F.W., Mowlem, L.and Capote, J. (2004). Strategy for goat farming in the 21st century. Small Ruminant Reseach, 51; 175-184.
- Muhammad, F., Khan, H.and Zubair, M. (2006). Relationship of body weight with linear body measurements in Goats. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5: (6) 452-455.
- Nongo, N.N. and Akinboade, O.A. (2013). Goat Weights Obtained from Innovated and Two Other Scales Prior to Experimental Trypanosome Infection. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. 3 (2), 2-5.
- Okpeku, M., Yakubu, A., Peters, S.O., Ozoje, M.O., Ikeobi, C.O.N., Adebambo, O. A. and Imumorin, I.G. (2011). Application of multivariate principal component analysis to morphological characterization of indigenous goats in Southern Nigeria. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 98(2):101–109.
- Onakpa, A., Adeyinka, I. A. and Mohammed, I.D. (2010). Relationship of live weight and linear body measurement in two breeds of goats of Northern Nigeria. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5(11): 891-893.
- Oyeyemi, M.O., Leigh, O. O. and Fakayode, A. (2011). Spermiogram and Changes in Body Parameters of West African Dwarf Bucks Fed with Dussa-poultry. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5:891-893.
- Raji, A.O., Igwebuike, J.U and Aliyu, J. (2008). Testicular biometry and its relationship with body weight of indigenous goats in a semiarid region of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture Biological Science, 3:35-8.
- Salako, A.E. (2004). Maturity rate of some morphometric traits in the West African Dwarf Sheep of Nigeria. Tropical Journal of Animal Science, 7(1): 51-55.
- Sameh, S., Farida, A.B., Zoubir, B., Houria, O.and Amel, D. (2019). Testicular Biometry and its Relationship with Age and Body Weight of Indigenous Bucks (Algeria). Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 7 (10) 882.
- Samuel, O.K.and Salako, A. (2008). Body measurement characteristics of the West African Dwarf (WAD) Goat in deciduous forest zone of Southwestern Nigeria. African. Journal of Biotechnology,7(14): 2521-2526.
- Shamsuddin, M., Amiri, Y. and Bhuiyan, M.M.U. (2000). Characteristics of buck semen with regard to ejaculate numbers, collection intervals, dilution and preservation periods. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 35:53-57.
- Theodros, T. (2002). Predicting live weight using body measurements in Afar goats in north eastern Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science (MEJS), 6 (2): 18-32.
- Turkgeldi, I., Arik, I.Z., Yurtman, M. O. and Ozduven, M. L. (1997). Relations between body eight and condition score Akdeniz University. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Animal Science Department, 10: 129-135.
- USDA, (2019). Goat dentition. Cooperative Extension. United State Department of Agriculture, National institute of food and Agriculture. https://goats.extension.org/goat.
References
Abba, Y and Igbokwe, I.O. (2015). Testicular and related size evaluations in Nigerian Sahel Goats with optimal epididymal sperm. Veterinary Medicine International, 1-15.
Adedeji, O.S and Gbadamosi, A.J. (1999). Relationship of scrotal circumference, age, body weight and the right and left scrotal length in Red Sokoto (Maradi) goat. Proceeding of 26th Annual Nigerian Society of Animal Production (NSAP) Conference 21-25 March 1999: Ilorin, Nigeria. Pp 305-309.
Adeyinka, I.A and Mohammed, I. D. (2006). Relationship of live weight and linear body measurement in two breeds of goats of Northern Nigeria. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5(11): 891-893.
Ahmed, A., Babiker, A., Gubartallal, A., Kamal, A. and Bakhiet, O. (2005). Comparative Studies on reproductive performance of Nubian and Saanen bucks under the climatic conditions of Khartoum. Journal Animal and Veterinary Advances. 4: 942-944.
Ajani, S.O., Oyeyemi, M. O. and Olusoji, J. (2015). Correlation between weight, age, scrotal circumference and the testicular epididymal parameters of red Sokoto buck. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 7 (5): 159-163.
Alemayehu, T., Tikabo, G. and Gangwar, S.K. (2010). Application of linear body measurement for predicting body weight of Abergelle Goat breed in Tigray region Northern Ethiopia. Global Journal of Biological Science, 1(2):314-319.
Amare, E.G. and Kefelegn, W. (2017). Body weight and scrotal-testicular biometry in 3 indigenous breed of bucks in arid and semi-arid agro-ecologies, Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 4: 1-9.
Amin, J.D., Waziri, M.A. and Ribadu, A. Y. (Eds) (2016). Dentition and ageing. In: Manual of Animal Restraint. Gabdel Integrated Service Publisher. 87-89.
Babale, D.M., Abaya, U.H. and Gworgwor, Z. (2018). Relationship between liveweights, linear body measurements and cost prices of small ruminants sold in and around Mubi environs, Adamawa state, Nigeria. Journal of Dairy, Veterinary and Animal Research, 7 (6): 273‒277.
Bukar, M. M., Amin, J.D., Sivachelvan, M.N. and Ribadu, A.Y. (2006). Postnatal histological development of the ovaries and uterus and the attainment of puberty in female kid goats Small Ruminant Research,65 (3): 200-208.
Bukar, M. M., Rosnina, Y., Wahid, H., Dhaliwal, G. K., Mohammed, A.G.K. and Ariff, O. M. (2012). Oestrus response and follicular development in Boer Does synchronized with flugestone acetate and PGFα or their combination with eCG or FSH. Tropical Animal Health Production, 44: 1505-1511.
Burkholder, W.J. (2000).Condition scores in clinical assessment of the provision of optimal nutrition, American Journal of Veterinary Medicine Association, 2 (17): 650-665.
Dehouegnon, J. A., Tatiana, D. D. and Nazan, K. (2017).Recent Developments in Goat Farming and Perspectives for a Sustainable Production in Western Africa International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology(IJEAB) 2,4 2047-205.
Dereje, T.1., Berhanu, B. and Aynalem, H. (2013). Linear Body Measurements as Predictor of Body Weight in Hararghe Highland Goats under Farmers Environment: Ethiopia. Global Veterinarian, 11 (5): 649-656.
Ebegbulem, V.N., Ibe, S.N., Ozung, P.O. and Ubua, J.A. (2011). Morphometric trait characteristics of West African Dwarf goats in Abia state, South East Nigeria. Continental Journal of Agricultural Science, 5 (2):1-6.
FAOSTAT (2008). Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division. FAO Statistic Retrieved.
Hifzan, R.M., Ismail, I. and Yaakub, H. (2015). Growth Pattern for Body Weight, Height at Withers and Body Length of Kalahari Red Goats. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 18: 200-203.
Jamie, L.S.and Clifford, F.S. (2014). Puberty and Estrus in Goats MSD and the MSD Veterinary Manual. Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine.
Josue, C.V., Jennifer, M., Woodward, G., Curtis, P.V.T., Clet, W.M. and Max, F.R. (2018). Prediction of live weight of rural African goats using body measurement. Livestock Research for Rural Development,30 (7): 60-68.
Kumbhar, U.B., Gulavane, S.U., Gaikwad, S.M., Lokhande, D.U., Ingole, S.D.and Sachdeva, G. (2017). Relationship ofUltrasonographic Testicular Biometry with Body Weight, Scrotal Circumference in Pre and Post Pubertal Osmanabadi Bucks. International Journal of Livestock Research. 7 (11) 206-208.
Kwari, H.D. (2001). A morphological Study of the Ecotypes of Sahel Goats in Borno State with special reference to Sexual Dimorphism. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria.
Memon, M.A., Mickelsen, W.D. and Goyal, H.O. (2007).Examination of reproductive tract and evaluation of potential breeding soundness in the bucks. Theriogenology, 2(4): 26-47.
Mohamed, G.H., Mohamed, S.E., Sayed, T. I. and Amal, M.E. (2020). Seasonal changes in testicular ultrasonogram pixel-intensity and their association with Semen characteristics in rams. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction. 9(1): 49-54.
Morand, F., Boutonnet, J., Devendra, C., Dubeuf, J., Haenlein, G.F.W., Mowlem, L.and Capote, J. (2004). Strategy for goat farming in the 21st century. Small Ruminant Reseach, 51; 175-184.
Muhammad, F., Khan, H.and Zubair, M. (2006). Relationship of body weight with linear body measurements in Goats. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5: (6) 452-455.
Nongo, N.N. and Akinboade, O.A. (2013). Goat Weights Obtained from Innovated and Two Other Scales Prior to Experimental Trypanosome Infection. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. 3 (2), 2-5.
Okpeku, M., Yakubu, A., Peters, S.O., Ozoje, M.O., Ikeobi, C.O.N., Adebambo, O. A. and Imumorin, I.G. (2011). Application of multivariate principal component analysis to morphological characterization of indigenous goats in Southern Nigeria. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 98(2):101–109.
Onakpa, A., Adeyinka, I. A. and Mohammed, I.D. (2010). Relationship of live weight and linear body measurement in two breeds of goats of Northern Nigeria. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5(11): 891-893.
Oyeyemi, M.O., Leigh, O. O. and Fakayode, A. (2011). Spermiogram and Changes in Body Parameters of West African Dwarf Bucks Fed with Dussa-poultry. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5:891-893.
Raji, A.O., Igwebuike, J.U and Aliyu, J. (2008). Testicular biometry and its relationship with body weight of indigenous goats in a semiarid region of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture Biological Science, 3:35-8.
Salako, A.E. (2004). Maturity rate of some morphometric traits in the West African Dwarf Sheep of Nigeria. Tropical Journal of Animal Science, 7(1): 51-55.
Sameh, S., Farida, A.B., Zoubir, B., Houria, O.and Amel, D. (2019). Testicular Biometry and its Relationship with Age and Body Weight of Indigenous Bucks (Algeria). Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 7 (10) 882.
Samuel, O.K.and Salako, A. (2008). Body measurement characteristics of the West African Dwarf (WAD) Goat in deciduous forest zone of Southwestern Nigeria. African. Journal of Biotechnology,7(14): 2521-2526.
Shamsuddin, M., Amiri, Y. and Bhuiyan, M.M.U. (2000). Characteristics of buck semen with regard to ejaculate numbers, collection intervals, dilution and preservation periods. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 35:53-57.
Theodros, T. (2002). Predicting live weight using body measurements in Afar goats in north eastern Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science (MEJS), 6 (2): 18-32.
Turkgeldi, I., Arik, I.Z., Yurtman, M. O. and Ozduven, M. L. (1997). Relations between body eight and condition score Akdeniz University. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Animal Science Department, 10: 129-135.
USDA, (2019). Goat dentition. Cooperative Extension. United State Department of Agriculture, National institute of food and Agriculture. https://goats.extension.org/goat.