Main Article Content

Abstract

The study evaluated open spermatic cord ligation as an alternative method of castration in dogs. Three Nigerian indigenous puppies were randomly selected (identified as SL1, SL2 and SL3) and used for the study. They underwent the same surgical procedure. Blood samples of the experimental puppies were taken daily for 3 days, pre-surgery. Additional blood sampling was at 24 hrs post-surgery, and, subsequently at 48 hrs interval for 3, 2, and 1 week(s) in SL1, SL2, SL3 respectively. Sera samples were harvested from the blood samples. At weeks 3, 2 and 1, the testicles of the puppies were harvested for macroscopic and microscopic evaluations. The puppies were physically examined daily throughout the study period. Serum testosterone concentration of the puppies was determined using ELISA kit. The pre-surgical values ranged from 0.1ng/mL-0.5ng/mL before the surgery and declined to 0ng/mL 24 hrs post-surgery. Gross appearance of the testicles showed atrophy of the testicles. Testicular histopathology showed distortion of germ and supporting cells due to ischaemic necrosis, which was more evident in SL1 followed by SL2, and then SL3. It was concluded from this study that the procedure was effective, minimally invasive, simple and fast.

Article Details

Author Biographies

F. L. Yusuf, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.

S. T. Muhammad, ‎Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

VETERINARY TEACHING HOSPITAL

R.U. Sa'ad, ‎‎Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE.

A. Baso, ‎Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.

M.L. Isiaka, Department of Veterinary Services, Federal Capital Territory Administration, Abuja, Nigeria

Department of Veterinary Services

How to Cite
Evaluation of Spermatic Cord Ligation as an Alternative Method of Castration in Dogs. (2024). Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 21(2), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.54058/wr2dke44

How to Cite

Evaluation of Spermatic Cord Ligation as an Alternative Method of Castration in Dogs. (2024). Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 21(2), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.54058/wr2dke44

References

  1. Abd El- Wahed, R.E., Korittum, A.S., Abu-Ahmed, H.M., ‎and Sahwan, A.A.S. (2014). Evaluation of ‎pinhole castration technique compared with ‎traditional method for castration in dogs. Alex. ‎J. of Vet. Sci., 42: 90-98. ‎
  2. Abu-Ahmed, H.M., El-Kammar, M.H., EL-Neweshy, ‎M.S., and Abdel- Wahed, R.E. (2012). ‎Comparative evaluation of three in-situ ‎castration techniques for sterilizing donkeys. ‎Incision-ligation (a novel technique), section-‎ligation release, and pinhole. JEVS., 32 (11): ‎‎711-718. DOI:10.1016/j.jevs.2012.02.016‎
  3. Ajadi, T.A. and Gazal, O.S. (2016). Effect of Surgical ‎and Immunological Castration on ‎Haematological Variables, Reproductive ‎Hormones and Ejaculate Characteristics ‎inMongrel Dogs. Niger. J. Physiol. Sci., 31(1): 37-‎‎42.‎
  4. Awal, M., Rahman, M.M., Das, S.K., Sidiki, N.H., ‎Kuromaru, M., Bibin, B.A. and Hayashi, Y. ‎‎(2004). Formalin affects the male reproduction ‎of black Bengal goats during prepubertal stage ‎even at low concentration: An in vivo study. J. ‎Med Sci.,4 (1): 84-89. ‎Doi: 10.3923/jms.2004.84.89‎
  5. Baba, M.A., Fazili, M.R., Athar, H., Mir, M.S., Moulvi, ‎B.A. and Khan, I. (2013). Pinhole castration ‎technique, an alternative to orchiectomy in ‎stray dogs. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 137 (1-2): 113-‎‎118. DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.11.015‎
  6. Bergh, A., Collin, O. and Lissbrant., E. (2001). Effects of ‎acute graded reduction in testicular blood flow ‎on testicular morphology in adult rats. Biol. ‎Reprod., 64 (1):13-20. ‎DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod64.1.13‎
  7. Bushby, P.A. and Griffin, B. (2011). An overview of ‎pediatric spay and neuter benefits and ‎techniques. Vet. Med., 106, 83-89.‎
  8. Dixit, V.P. (1977). Histological and biochemical changes ‎produced in the dog testis after vascular ‎occlusion. Indian J. Med. Res. 65, 76–81.‎
  9. Fazili, M.R. Bhattacharyya, H. K. Buchoo, B. A. ‎Kirmani, M. A. Darzi, M. M. and Khan, I. ‎‎(2009). Evaluation of pinhole castration ‎technique in rams. Small Rumin. Res. 84, 61–‎‎64. Doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.06.004‎
  10. Jana, K. and Samanta, P. K. (2007) Sterilization of male ‎stray dogs with a single intratesticular injection ‎of calcium chloride: a dose-dependent ‎study. Contraception, 75(5), 390-400. doi: ‎‎10.1016/j.contraception.2007.01.022‎
  11. Hassan, A. Z. and Hassan, F. B. (2003). Testicular and ‎scrotal surgeries in Introduction to Veterinary ‎Practice. Ahmadu Bello University Press ‎Limited, pp287-290.‎
  12. Höglund, O.V., Ingman, J., Södersten, F., Hansson, K., ‎Borg, N. and Lagerstedt, A. (2014). Ligation of ‎the spermatic cord in dogs with a self-locking ‎device of a resorbable polyglycolic based co ‎polymer—feasibility and long-term follow-up ‎study. BMC Res. Notes., 7:825. doi: ‎‎10.1186/1756-0500-7-825‎
  13. Kim, H.H., Yeon, S.C., Houpt, K.A., Lee, H.C., Chang, ‎H.H. and Lee, H.J. (2006). Effect of ‎ovariohysterectomy on reactivity in German ‎shepherd dogs. Vet. J., 172(1):154-159. doi: ‎‎10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.02.028‎
  14. Neilson, J., Eckestein, R. and Hart, B. (1997). Effects of ‎castration on Problem Behaviours in Male Dogs ‎with reference to age and Duration of ‎Behaviors. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.,211(2): 180-‎‎182‎
  15. Okwee-Acai, J, Acon, J., Okello-Owiny, D., Agwai, B. ‎and Oloya, J. (2008). Evaluation of pinhole ‎castration as an alternative technique for goat ‎sterilization. Bull. Anim. Health. Prod. Afr, ‎‎56(4):299-306. ‎OI:10.4314/bahpa.v56i4.43301‎
  16. Okwee-Acai, J., Akunu, B., Agwai, B., Ekakoro, E., ‎Sajjakambwe, P. and Acon. J. (2012). An ‎evaluation of stress responses, simplicity and ‎cost of pinhole castration as an alternative ‎technique for male dog sterilization. ROAVS, ‎‎2(1): 55-59.‎
  17. Ortega-Pacheco, A., (2006). Reproduction of dogs in the ‎tropics. PhD Thesis, Department of Clinical ‎Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural ‎Sciences, Uppsala. Pp 1- 50.‎
  18. Polisca. A., Orlandi, R., Troisi, A., Brecchia, G., Zerani, ‎M., Boiti, C. and Zelli, R. (2013). Clinical ‎Efficacy of GnRH Agonist (Deslorelin) in Dogs ‎Affected by Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and ‎Evaluation of Prostatic Blood Flow by Doppler ‎ Ultrasound. Reprod. Domest. Anim., 48 ‎‎(4): 673-80. doi: 10.1111/rda.12143‎
  19. Ponvijay, K.S., (2007). Pinhole Castration: A novel ‎minimally invasive technique for in situ ‎spermatic cord ligation. Vet. Surg., 36 (1): 74-79. ‎doi: 10.1111/j.1532950X.2007.00238.x.‎
  20. Slauson, D.O. and Cooper, B.J. (2002). Mechanism of ‎Disease: A Textbook of Comparative General ‎Pathology, third edition. Mosby, St. Louis, M.O. ‎Pp.120-124‎
  21. Turner, T.T. and Brown, K.J. (1993). Spermatic cord ‎torsion: loss of spermatogenesis despite return ‎of blood flow. Biol. Reprod., 49 (2): 401-407. ‎doi: 10.1095/biolreprod49.2.401‎