Article Sidebar

Download
PDF

Main Article Content

Abstract

Newcastle Disease (ND) has been considered as a threat to poultry industry worldwide. Despite different strategies aimed at controlling ND in Nigeria, the severe form of the disease continues to occur even in vaccinated poultry farms. The disease is transmitted primarily through contact with infected or carrier birds. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) shedding through either cloacal or oropharyngeal route play a critical role in the spread of NDV. However, there is paucity of information on the comparative contribution of these routes to NDV shedding. In this study, a total of 256 swab samples were collected from cloacal (n = 128) and oropharyngeal (n = 128) routes from broilers, layers, village chickens, ducks and turkeys that were naturally exposed to NDV. Haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests were carried out to detect the presence of the virus. The results of NDV shedding from cloacal and oropharyngeal routes were compared. The result showed a higher prevalence (42.2%) of NDV shedding from cloacal route when compared with oropharyngeal route (26.6%). In addition, village chickens showed a higher prevalence (43.8%) of NDV shedding when compared with all other breeds sampled. Furthermore, birds at 6 weeks shed higher NDV (66.6%) than the birds of other ages. Therefore, the result of this study showed that the prevalence of NDV shedding was higher in village chickens via cloacal route. There is a need to quantify the amount of NDV shedding in both cloacal and oropharyngeal routes from these breeds of poultry so as to evaluate the viral infective dose.

Keywords

Broilers; Cloacal and Oropharyngeal routes; Layers; Newcastle disease virus

Article Details

Author Biographies

M. U. Sajo, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Lecturer II

T. M. Hamisu, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Senior Lecturer 

A. S. Saidu, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Senior Lecturer

N. M. Haruna, Department of Animal Science and Range Management, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria

Assistant Lecturer

Y. M. Shettima, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Senior Lecturer

A. D. El-Yuguda, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Professor of Veterinary Virology

M. B. Abubakar, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Professor of Veterinary Virology

How to Cite
Comparative Analysis of Newcastle Disease Virus Shedding from Naturally ‎Infected Breeds of Poultry in Maiduguri, Nigeria. (2023). Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 20(3), 33-37. https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i3.380
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

How to Cite

Comparative Analysis of Newcastle Disease Virus Shedding from Naturally ‎Infected Breeds of Poultry in Maiduguri, Nigeria. (2023). Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 20(3), 33-37. https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i3.380

References

  1. Abdisa, T., and Tagesu, T. (2017). Review on Newcastle ‎disease of poultry and its public health ‎importance. Journal of Veterinary Science & ‎Technology, 8(3): 441. https://doi.org/10.4262/215‎‎7-7579.1000441‎
  2. Aldous, E. W., and Alexander, D. J. (2001). Detection and ‎differentiation of Newcastle disease virus (avian ‎paramyxovirus type 1). Avian pathology, 30(2): ‎‎117 128. https://doi.org/10.1080/0307945012004‎‎4515‎
  3. Alexander, D. J. (1995).The epidemiology and control of ‎avian influenza and Newcastle disease. Journal of ‎comparative pathology, 112(2): 105-126. ‎https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9975(05)80054-4‎
  4. Alexander, D. J. (2000). Newcastle disease and other avian ‎paramyxoviruses. Revue Scientifiqueet Technique-‎Office International des Epizooties, 19(2): 443-‎‎455. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.19.2.1231‎
  5. Alexander, D. J. and Senne, D. A. (2003). Newcastle disease, ‎other avian paramyxoviruses, and pneumovirus ‎infections. Diseases of poultry, 11(1): 64-87. ‎
  6. Alexander, D. J., Parsons, G. and Marshall, R. (1984). ‎Infection of fowls with Newcastle disease virus by ‎food contaminated with pigeon faeces. Veterinary ‎Record, 115(23): 601-602.‎
  7. Ayala, A. J., Yabsley, M. J. and Hernandez, S. M. (2020).A ‎review of pathogen transmission at the backyard ‎chicken–wild bird interface. Frontiers in veterinary ‎science, 7:539925. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.115.‎‎23.601‎
  8. Bello, M. B., Yusoff, K. M., Ideris, A., Hair-Bejo, M., ‎Peeters, B. P., Jibril, A. H., Tambuwal, F. M. and ‎Omar, A. R. (2018). Genotype diversity of ‎Newcastle disease virus in Nigeria: Disease control ‎challenges and future outlook. Advances in ‎Virology, 2;2018:6097291..https://doi.org/10.115‎‎5/2018/6097291‎
  9. Brown, V. R. and Bevins, S. N. (2017). A review of virulent ‎Newcastle disease viruses in the United States and ‎the role of wild birds in viral persistence and ‎spread. Veterinary research, 48(1): 68. https://doi.‎org/10.1186/s13567-017-0475-9‎
  10. Campbell, D. L. M., De Haas, E. N., and Lee, C. (2019). A ‎review of environmental enrichment for laying ‎hens during rearing in relation to their behavioral ‎and physiological development. Poultry ‎Science, 98(1): 9-28. ‎https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey319‎
  11. Capua, I. and Alexander, D. J. (Eds.). (2009). Avian ‎influenza and Newcastle disease: a field and ‎laboratory manual. Springer Science & Business ‎Media. ‎
  12. Dimitrov, K. M., Ferreira, H. L., Pantin-Jackwood, M. J., ‎Taylor, T. L., Goraichuk, I. V., Crossley, B. M., ... ‎and Suarez, D. L. (2019). Pathogenicity and ‎transmission of virulent Newcastle disease virus ‎from the 2018–2019 California outbreak and ‎related viruses in young and adult ‎chickens. Virology, 531: 203-‎‎218.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2019.03.010‎
  13. Dimitrov, K. M., Afonso, C. L., Yu, Q. and Miller, P. J. ‎‎(2017). Newcastle disease vaccines—A solved ‎problem or a continuous challenge? Veterinary ‎microbiology, 206, 126 136. https://doi.org/10.101‎‎6/j.vetmic.2016.12.019‎
  14. Eze, C. P., Okoye, J. O. A., Ogbonna, I. O., Ezema, W. S., ‎Eze, D. C., Okwor, E. C., Ibu, J. O. and Salihu, E. A. ‎‎(2014). Comparative study of the pathology and ‎pathogenesis of a local velogenic Newcastle ‎disease virus infection in ducks and ‎chickens. International Journal of Poultry ‎Science, 13(1): 52. ISSN 1682-8356‎
  15. Glick, B. (1983). Bursa of fabricius. Avian biology, 7: 443-‎‎500.‎
  16. Glickman, R. L., Syddall, R. J., Iorio, R. M., Sheehan, J. P. ‎and Bratt, M. A. (1988). Quantitative basic residue ‎requirements in the cleavage-activation site of the ‎fusion glycoprotein as a determinant of virulence ‎for Newcastle disease virus. Journal of ‎virology, 62(1): 354-‎‎356. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.62.1.354-‎‎356.1988‎
  17. Hamisu, T. M., Aliyu, H. B., Hair-Bejo, M., Omar, A. R. and ‎Ideris, A. (2022). Alteration in the population of ‎intraepithelial lymphocytes and virus shedding in ‎specific-pathogen-free chickens following ‎inoculation with lentogenic and velogenic ‎Newcastle disease virus strains. Viral Immunology, ‎‎35(4): 328 337. https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2021.‎‎0148‎
  18. Haque, M. H., Hossain, M. T., Islam, M. T., Zinnah, M. A., ‎Khan, M. S. R. and Islam, M. A. (2010). Isolation ‎and Detection of Newcastle disease virus from ‎field outbreaks in Broiler and Layer chickens by ‎Reverse ‎transcription Polymerase chain reaction. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 8(2): 87-92. ‎https://doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v8i2.9618‎
  19. Hierholzer, J. C., Suggs, M. T. and Hall, E. C. ‎‎(1969).Standardized viral hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition tests. II. Description and ‎statistical evaluation. Applied microbiology, 18(5): ‎‎824-833. https://doi.org/10.1128/am.18.5.824-‎‎833.1969‎
  20. Hoerr, F. J. (2010). Clinical aspects of immunosuppression ‎in ‎poultry. Avian diseases, 54(1): 2 15. https://doi.org‎/10.1637/8909-043009-Review.1‎
  21. Ishaku, H. T. and Majid, M. R. (2010). X-raying rainfall ‎pattern and variability in Northeastern Nigeria: ‎impacts on access to water supply. Journal of ‎water resource and protection, 2(11): ‎‎952.https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2010.211113‎
  22. Kant, A., Koch, G., Van Roozelaar, D. J., Balk, F. and ‎Huurne, A. T. (1997).Differentiation of virulent ‎and non‐virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus ‎within 24 hours by polymerase chain ‎reaction. Avian pathology, 26(4): 837-849. ‎https://doi.org/10.1080/03079459708419257‎
  23. Kaufmann, L., Syedbasha, M., Vogt, D., Hollenstein, Y., ‎Hartmann, J., Linnik, J. E., & Egli, A. (2017). An ‎optimized hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay ‎to quantify influenza-specific antibody titers. JoVE ‎‎(Journal of Visualized Experiments), (130), ‎e55833. https://doi.org/10.3791/55833‎
  24. Kuhn, J. H., Wolf, Y. I., Krupovic, M., Zhang, Y. Z., Maes, ‎P., Dolja, V. V. and Koonin, E. V. (2019). Classify ‎viruses—the gain is worth the pain. 318-320. ‎https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-00599-8‎
  25. Martinez, J. C. S., Chou, W. K., Berghman, L. R. and Carey, ‎J. B. (2018). Evaluation of the effect of live ‎LaSota Newcastle disease virus vaccine as primary ‎immunization on immune development in ‎broilers. Poultry science, 97(2): 455-462. ‎https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex339‎
  26. Miller, P.J. and Koch, G. (2013). Newcastle disease, In: ‎Swayne, D.E., Glisson, J.R., McDougald, L.R., ‎Nolan, L.K., Suarez, D.L., Nair, V.L., editors. ‎Diseases of Poultry. 13th edition. Ames, IA:Wiley-‎Blackwell in partnership with the American ‎Association of Avian Pathologists, pp. 89-107; pp. ‎‎120-130. ‎
  27. Nagai, Y. and Klenk, H. D. (1977). Activation of precursors ‎to both glycoproteins of Newcastle disease virus by ‎proteolytic cleavage. Virology, 77(1): 125-134. ‎https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(77)90412-3‎
  28. Nagai, Y., Klenk, H. D. and Rott, R. (1976). Proteolytic ‎cleavage of the viral glycoproteins and its ‎significance for the virulence of Newcastle disease ‎virus. Virology, 72(2): 494 508. https://doi.org/10.‎‎1016/0042-6822(76)90178-1‎
  29. Okoroafor, O. N., Animoke, P. C., Mbegbu, E. C., Aronu, C. ‎J., Nwanta, J. A., Anene, B. and Okoye, J. O. ‎‎(2020). Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in ‎feces of free-range turkeys in Enugu, ‎Nigeria. Veterinary ‎World, 13(7): 1288. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1288-1293‎
  30. Panus, A., Setiyaningsih, S. and Mayasari, N. L. P. I. (2015). ‎Newcastle disease virus infection study on duck ‎and chicken in Subang district. Indonesian J ‎Animal and ‎Vet Sci., 20(2): 134 147. https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v20i2.1168‎
  31. Ramey, A. M., Goraichuk, I. V., Hicks, J. T., Dimitrov, K. ‎M., Poulson, R. L., Stallknecht, D. E., ... and ‎Afonso, C. L. (2017). Assessment of contemporary ‎genetic diversity and inter-taxa/inter-region ‎exchange of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 in ‎wild birds sampled in North America. Virology ‎Journal, 14: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-‎‎017-0714-8‎
  32. Roy, P. and Venugopalan, A. T. (2005). Unexpected ‎Newcastle disease virus in day old commercial ‎chicks and breeder hen. Comparative immunology, ‎microbiology and infectious diseases, 28(4): 277-‎‎285.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2005.07.001‎
  33. Saidu, L., Tekdek, L. B., and Abdu, P. A. (2004). Prevalence ‎of Newcastle disease antibodies in domestic and ‎semi domestic birds in Zaria, Nigeria. Veterinarskiarhiv, 74(4): 309-317. ISSN 0372-5480‎
  34. Sadiq, M. A., Nwanta, J. A., Okolocha, E. C. and Tijjani, A. ‎N. (2011). Retrospective (2000-2009) study of ‎Newcastle disease (ND) cases in avian species in ‎Maiduguri, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria. ‎International Journal of Poultry Sciences, 10(1): ‎‎76-81. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2011.76.81‎
  35. Saepulloh, M. and Darminto (2005). Kajian Newcastle ‎disease pada itik dan upayapengendaliannya. ‎Wartazoa. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal Vet Sci., ‎‎15(1): 84 94. https://doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v‎15i2.830‎
  36. Sharifi, A., Allymehr, M. and Talebi, A. (2022). Concurrent ‎Occurrence of Infectious Bursal Disease and ‎Multicausal Respiratory Infections Caused by ‎Newcastle Disease and Avian Metapneumovirus in ‎Broilers. Archives of Razi Institute, 77(3): 1007-‎‎1016. https://doi.org/10.22092/ARI.2021.354272.‎‎1631‎
  37. Shittu, I., Joannis, T. M., Odaibo, G. N. and Olaleye, O. D. ‎‎(2016). Newcastle disease in Nigeria: epizootiology ‎and current knowledge of circulating ‎genotypes. Virus Disease, 27: 329 339. https://doi.‎org/10.1007/s13337-016-0344-6‎
  38. Susta, L., Segovia, D., Olivier, T. L., Dimitrov, K. M., Shittu, ‎I., Marcano, V. and Miller, P. J. (2018). Newcastle ‎disease virus infection in quail. Veterinary ‎Pathology, 55(5): 682 692. https://doi.org/10.1177‎‎/0300985818767996‎