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Abstract
Newcastle disease continues to pose serious public health and economic challenges to both small holder and commercial poultry worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the most potent vaccine used in the control of Newcastle disease in pullets using different vaccination regimens. Two hundred- and twenty-five-day-old Isa brown pullets were purchased from a reputable hatchery at Ibadan, Nigeria. The chicks were divided into five groups of 45 chicks each. Groups A, B and C were divided into subgroups 1, 2 and 3 consisting of 15 chicks each. Group D was the negative control group which was neither vaccinated nor challenged while group E was the positive control group which was not vaccinated but challenged with Newcastle disease virus (Kudu 113, genotype XVII). The vaccines (La Sota, VG/GA and La Sota clone) were reconstituted as follows: each 1, 000 dose vial of vaccine was reconstituted with 5 ml of water; 0.1 ml of the dissolved vaccine was diluted in 300 ml of clean drinking water and administered to the birds via the oral route. Blood sampling was carried out using standard procedure and ELISA was carried out according to manufacturer’s instruction. There was presence of high maternally derived ND antibodies in the experimental chicks (12,627±1,806 - 17,722±1,607). The La Sota clone vaccine produced more antibodies (3,508±975) which was significantly different (p< 0.05) compared to VG/GA (737±439.77) vaccines. La Sota clone was able to confer 100% protection (p< 0.05) against Newcastle disease with no morbidity and mortality (0%). Vaccination at week 2 was the most effective (p< 0.05) for La Sota and La Sota clone strains but least for VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease vaccines.
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References
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- Aliyu, H. B., Sa’idu, L., Abdu, P. A. and Oladele, S. B. (2016). Humoral immune response of chickens following vaccination with different Newcastle disease vaccines. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 37(2): 102 – 108.
- Attia, Y.A., Rahman, M.T., Hossain, M.J., Basiouni, S., Khafaga, A.F., Shehata, A.A. and Hafez, H.M. (2022). Poultry production and sustainability in developing countries under the COVID-19 crisis: Lessons learned. Animals, 12(5): 644.
- Bamidele, O., Akinsola, O.M., Yakubu, A., Hassan, W.A., Ogundu, U.E. and Amole, T.A. (2023). Growth performance, survivability and profitability of improved smallholder chicken genetics in Nigeria: A COVID-19 intervention study. Frontiers in Genetics, 13: 1033654.
- Bello, M.B., Yusoff, K.M., Ideris, A., Hair-Bejo, M., Peeters, B.P., Jibril, A.H., Tambuwal, F.M. and Omar, A.R. (2018). Genotype diversity of Newcastle disease virus in Nigeria: Disease control challenges and future outlook. Advances in Virology, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6097291
- Clemmons, E.A., Alfson, K.J. and Dutton III, J.W. (2021). Transboundary animal diseases, an overview of 17 diseases with potential for global spread and serious consequences. Animals, 11(7): 2039.
- Deka, P., Sangeet, D. and Deka, P. (2020). Influence of Maternal Antibody on the Efficacy of Newcastle Disease Vaccination in Broilers. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 39(7): 108-114.
- Dewidar, A.A., Kilany, W.H., El-Sawah, A.A., Shany, S.A., Dahshan, A.H.M., Hisham, I., Elkady, M.F. and Ali, A. (2022). Genotype VII. 1.1-based Newcastle disease virus vaccines afford better protection against field isolates in commercial broiler chickens. Animals, 12(13): 1696.
- Erdaw, M.M. and Beyene, W.T. (2022). Trends, prospects and the socio-economic contribution of poultry production in sub-Saharan Africa: a review. World's Poultry Science Journal, 78(3): 835-852.
- Haddas, R. (2023). Newcastle Disease Virus. Infectious Diseases, 1: 427.
- Hassan, F. B., Abdu, P. A., Sa’idu, L. and Bawa, E. K. (2018). Maternal antibody titre as a monitoring tool for vaccination against infectious bursal disease. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 16(3): 18 – 23.
- Hu, Z., He, X., Deng, J., Hu, J. and Liu, X. (2022). Current situation and future direction of Newcastle disease vaccines. Veterinary Research, 53(1): 1-13.
- Ishaq, A.N.,Sani, D., Abdullahi, S.A., Jolayemi, K.O., Ebbo, A.A., Jatau, I.D. and Gadzama, I.B.K. (2022). Evaluation of Anticoccidial Activity of Citrus aurantium L. Ethanolic Leaf Extract against Experimental Eimeria tenella Infection in Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallusdomesticus). Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine, 4: 100138.
- Linh, N.T. and Qui, N.H. (2024). Nutritional and reproductive performance of local layer system in Vietnam. Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 14(1): 175-179.
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- Moharam, I., Razik, A.A.E., Sultan, H., Ghezlan, M., Meseko, C., Franzke, K., Harder, T., Beer, M. and Grund, C. (2019). Investigation of suspected Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks in Egypt uncovers a high virus velogenic ND virus burden in small-scale holdings and the presence of multiple pathogens. Avian Pathology, 48(5): 406-415.
- Mottet, A. and Tempio, G. (2017). Global poultry production: current state and future outlook and challenges. World's Poultry Science Journal, 73(2): 245-256.
- Murr, M., Grund, C., Breithaupt, A., Mettenleiter, T.C. and Römer-Oberdörfer, A. (2020). Protection of chickens with maternal immunity against avian influenza virus (AIV) by vaccination with a novel recombinant Newcastle disease virus vector. Avian Diseases, 64(4): 427-436.
- Orakpoghenor, O., Markus, T.P., Abdu, P.A., Woziri, O.A. and Andamin, A.D. (2023). Maternally Derived Antibodies: An Overview of Their Role in Infectious Bursal Disease of Chickens. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medical Diagnosis, 4(1): 128.
- Pandey, H.O. and Upadhyay, D. (2022). Global livestock production systems: classification, status, and future trends. Emerging Issues in Climate Smart Livestock Production, 47-70.
- Rinle, K., Blessing, O., Nelson, E., Akpofure, K., Giginya, I., Doguwa, N., Saidu, A., Davou, M., Gambo, R., Peter, C. and Pwajok, T. (2019). Clinico-pathological and Immunohistochemistry of Newcastle Disease in Indigenous Chickens and Some Wild Birds in Plateau State, Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 16(4): 1-15.
- Stefan N., (2014). Maternal antibodies: clinical significance, mechanism of interference with immune response and possible vaccination strategy, Department of Biological Sciences, the Ohio state University, Columbia, OH, USA. http//doi.org/10.3389/fimmu,2014.00446.
- Suarez, D.L., Miller, P.J., Koch, G., Mundt, E. and Rautenschlein, S. (2020). Newcastle disease, other avian paramyxoviruses, and avian metapneumovirus infections. Diseases of Poultry, 109-166.
- Welch, C.N., Shittu, I., Abolnik, C., Solomon, P., Dimitrov, K.M., Taylor, T.L., Williams-Coplin, D., Goraichuk, I.V., Meseko, C.A., Ibu, J.O. and Gado, D.A. (2019). Genomic comparison of Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Nigeria between 2002 and 2015 reveals circulation of highly diverse genotypes and spillover into wild birds. Archives of Virology, 164: 2031-2047.
- Yehia, N., Salem, H.M., Mahmmod, Y., Said, D., Samir, M., Mawgod, S.A., Sorour, H.K., AbdelRahman, M.A., Selim, S., Saad, A.M. and El-Saadony, M.T. (2023). Common viral and bacterial avian respiratory infections: an updated review. Poultry Science, 1: 102553.
References
Adekunle, L.A., Idris, S.Y., Enam, S.J., Adamu, S., Esievo, K.A.N. and Jubril, J.A. (2021). Effect of Newcastle Disease Virus (Kudu 113) Infection on Calcium Metabolism in Response to Endocrinological Changes in Commercial Layers. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 42(2): 115-122.
Aliyu, H. B., Sa’idu, L., Abdu, P. A. and Oladele, S. B. (2016). Humoral immune response of chickens following vaccination with different Newcastle disease vaccines. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 37(2): 102 – 108.
Attia, Y.A., Rahman, M.T., Hossain, M.J., Basiouni, S., Khafaga, A.F., Shehata, A.A. and Hafez, H.M. (2022). Poultry production and sustainability in developing countries under the COVID-19 crisis: Lessons learned. Animals, 12(5): 644.
Bamidele, O., Akinsola, O.M., Yakubu, A., Hassan, W.A., Ogundu, U.E. and Amole, T.A. (2023). Growth performance, survivability and profitability of improved smallholder chicken genetics in Nigeria: A COVID-19 intervention study. Frontiers in Genetics, 13: 1033654.
Bello, M.B., Yusoff, K.M., Ideris, A., Hair-Bejo, M., Peeters, B.P., Jibril, A.H., Tambuwal, F.M. and Omar, A.R. (2018). Genotype diversity of Newcastle disease virus in Nigeria: Disease control challenges and future outlook. Advances in Virology, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6097291
Clemmons, E.A., Alfson, K.J. and Dutton III, J.W. (2021). Transboundary animal diseases, an overview of 17 diseases with potential for global spread and serious consequences. Animals, 11(7): 2039.
Deka, P., Sangeet, D. and Deka, P. (2020). Influence of Maternal Antibody on the Efficacy of Newcastle Disease Vaccination in Broilers. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 39(7): 108-114.
Dewidar, A.A., Kilany, W.H., El-Sawah, A.A., Shany, S.A., Dahshan, A.H.M., Hisham, I., Elkady, M.F. and Ali, A. (2022). Genotype VII. 1.1-based Newcastle disease virus vaccines afford better protection against field isolates in commercial broiler chickens. Animals, 12(13): 1696.
Erdaw, M.M. and Beyene, W.T. (2022). Trends, prospects and the socio-economic contribution of poultry production in sub-Saharan Africa: a review. World's Poultry Science Journal, 78(3): 835-852.
Haddas, R. (2023). Newcastle Disease Virus. Infectious Diseases, 1: 427.
Hassan, F. B., Abdu, P. A., Sa’idu, L. and Bawa, E. K. (2018). Maternal antibody titre as a monitoring tool for vaccination against infectious bursal disease. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 16(3): 18 – 23.
Hu, Z., He, X., Deng, J., Hu, J. and Liu, X. (2022). Current situation and future direction of Newcastle disease vaccines. Veterinary Research, 53(1): 1-13.
Ishaq, A.N.,Sani, D., Abdullahi, S.A., Jolayemi, K.O., Ebbo, A.A., Jatau, I.D. and Gadzama, I.B.K. (2022). Evaluation of Anticoccidial Activity of Citrus aurantium L. Ethanolic Leaf Extract against Experimental Eimeria tenella Infection in Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallusdomesticus). Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine, 4: 100138.
Linh, N.T. and Qui, N.H. (2024). Nutritional and reproductive performance of local layer system in Vietnam. Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 14(1): 175-179.
Liu, M., Shen, X., Yu, Y., Li, J., Fan, J., Jia, X. and Dai, Y. (2023). Effect of Different Levels of Maternally Derived Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus-Specific Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibodies on Protection against Virulent Challenge in Chicks. Viruses, 15(9): 18-40.
Mansour, S.M., ElBakrey, R.M., Mohamed, F.F., Hamouda, E.E., Abdallah, M.S., Elbestawy, A.R., Ismail, M.M., Abdien, H.M. and Eid, A.A. (2021). Avian paramyxovirus type 1 in Egypt: epidemiology, evolutionary perspective, and vaccine approach. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8: 647462.
Moharam, I., Razik, A.A.E., Sultan, H., Ghezlan, M., Meseko, C., Franzke, K., Harder, T., Beer, M. and Grund, C. (2019). Investigation of suspected Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks in Egypt uncovers a high virus velogenic ND virus burden in small-scale holdings and the presence of multiple pathogens. Avian Pathology, 48(5): 406-415.
Mottet, A. and Tempio, G. (2017). Global poultry production: current state and future outlook and challenges. World's Poultry Science Journal, 73(2): 245-256.
Murr, M., Grund, C., Breithaupt, A., Mettenleiter, T.C. and Römer-Oberdörfer, A. (2020). Protection of chickens with maternal immunity against avian influenza virus (AIV) by vaccination with a novel recombinant Newcastle disease virus vector. Avian Diseases, 64(4): 427-436.
Orakpoghenor, O., Markus, T.P., Abdu, P.A., Woziri, O.A. and Andamin, A.D. (2023). Maternally Derived Antibodies: An Overview of Their Role in Infectious Bursal Disease of Chickens. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medical Diagnosis, 4(1): 128.
Pandey, H.O. and Upadhyay, D. (2022). Global livestock production systems: classification, status, and future trends. Emerging Issues in Climate Smart Livestock Production, 47-70.
Rinle, K., Blessing, O., Nelson, E., Akpofure, K., Giginya, I., Doguwa, N., Saidu, A., Davou, M., Gambo, R., Peter, C. and Pwajok, T. (2019). Clinico-pathological and Immunohistochemistry of Newcastle Disease in Indigenous Chickens and Some Wild Birds in Plateau State, Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 16(4): 1-15.
Stefan N., (2014). Maternal antibodies: clinical significance, mechanism of interference with immune response and possible vaccination strategy, Department of Biological Sciences, the Ohio state University, Columbia, OH, USA. http//doi.org/10.3389/fimmu,2014.00446.
Suarez, D.L., Miller, P.J., Koch, G., Mundt, E. and Rautenschlein, S. (2020). Newcastle disease, other avian paramyxoviruses, and avian metapneumovirus infections. Diseases of Poultry, 109-166.
Welch, C.N., Shittu, I., Abolnik, C., Solomon, P., Dimitrov, K.M., Taylor, T.L., Williams-Coplin, D., Goraichuk, I.V., Meseko, C.A., Ibu, J.O. and Gado, D.A. (2019). Genomic comparison of Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Nigeria between 2002 and 2015 reveals circulation of highly diverse genotypes and spillover into wild birds. Archives of Virology, 164: 2031-2047.
Yehia, N., Salem, H.M., Mahmmod, Y., Said, D., Samir, M., Mawgod, S.A., Sorour, H.K., AbdelRahman, M.A., Selim, S., Saad, A.M. and El-Saadony, M.T. (2023). Common viral and bacterial avian respiratory infections: an updated review. Poultry Science, 1: 102553.