Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
TThe study aims at determining the effect of short-term road transportation on vital parameters, haematology, enzymatic antioxidants and cortisol level of healthy dogs. Ten apparently healthy dogs weighing 8-12 kg, comprising of both sexes (3 females and 2 males), aged between 6 to 8 months were used as experimental animals. Measurements of the vital parameters and blood sample collection for hemato-biochemical parameters were taken before and immediately after short-term transportation. Rectal temperature (RT) value of 37.8ºC ± 0.3 recorded before transport was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the value of 39.6ºC ± 0.1 recorded after transport, similarly, the heart rate (HR) values of 80 ± 2.8 beats per minute before transport was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the value of 121 ± 8.9 beats per minute recorded after the transport. There were no significant (P > 0.05) changes in the haematological indices before and after transportation. The activity of SOD reduced significantly (P < 0.05) from 140 ± 10 U/mg to 129.8 ± 12.6 U/mg. Cortisol level increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 18.7 ± 3.7 pg/ml before transport to 23.1 ± 4.5 pg/ml. In conclusion, short-term transportation induced stress in dogs by increasing rectal temperature, heart rate and cortisol level. The dogs were also subjected to oxidative stress.
Keywords
Article Details
How to Cite
References
- Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Meth. Enzymol., 105: 121-126.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
- Anoh, K. U. (2018). Effecct of transportation stress on the thermoregulatory regulatory response of young and adult rabbits.Niger. J.Animal Sci., 20: 490-495.
- Axelsson, E. C., Ratnakumar, A. D., Arendt, M. L., Maqbool, K., Webster, M. T., Hedhammar, A. and Lindblad-Toh, K. (2013).The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet. New york: J. Dog Domesticat., 23: 444-455.
- Baker, A. and Silverton, N. (1985). Haematology and behaviour of pullets transported by road and administered with ascorbic acid during the hot-dry season.Res. Vet. Sci., 85(2): 389–393. .
- Basjaruddin, N. C. (2021). Measurement device for stress level and vital signs based on sensor fusion.Healthc. Inform. Res.,27:11 18.doi:10.4258/hir.2021.27.1.11
- Becher, A., Suchodolski, J. S., Steiner, J. M. and Heilmann, R. M. (2021). Blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a diagnostic marker in dogs with chronic enteropathy. J Vet. Diagn. Invest. 33 (3): 516-527.doi: 10.1177/1040638721992057
- Cugmas, B. D., Šušterič, P. S., Gorenjec, N. R., Plavec, T. C., Checgk, D. M. and Gorexka, A. A. (2020). Comparison between rectal and body surface temperature in dogs by the calibrated infrared thermometer. Hawaii: Vet. Anim. Sci., 9: 100-120.doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100120.
- Dewey, T. and Bhagat, S. (2002). Canis lupus familiaris. Scotland: Animal Diversity Web Press,23(3): 30-89.
- Earley, B., Murray, M., Prendiville, D. J., Pintado, B., Borque, C. and Canali, E. (2012). The effect of transport by road and sea on physiology, immunity and behavior of beef cattle. Res. Vet. Sci., 92:531–541.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.04.002.
- Ememe, M. U., Mshelia, W. P. and Ayo, J. O. (2015). Ameliorative effects of resveraterol on oxidative stress biomarkers in horses. JEVS, 35: 518-523.
- Esievo, K. A. N. (2017) Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 1st Edition. Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan.
- Flohe, L. and Gunzler, W. A. (1984). Assays of glutathione peroxidase. Meth. Enzymol., 105: 114-121.
- Herbel, J., Aurich, J., Gautier, C., Melchert, M., Aurich, B. and Verish, H. (2020). Stress response of beagle dogs to repeated short distance road transport.Anim., 10:2114, doi.org/10.3390/ani 10112114.
- Igado, O. (2017). Skull typology and morphometrics of the Nigerian local dog (Canis lupus familiaris),Niger. J. Physiol. Sci., 254: 230-300.
- Kang, S., Ko, Y., Moon, Y., Sohn, S. and Jang, I. (2011). Effects of the combined stress induced by stocking density and feeding-restriction on haematological and cytokine parameters as stress indicators in laying hen. Asian-Australas J. Anim. Sci., 24: 414-420.
- Kasahara, Y., Yoshida, C., Saito, M. and Kimura, Y. (2021). Assessments of heart rate and sympathetic and parasympatheticnervous activities of normal mouse fetuses at different stages of fetal development using fetal electrocardiography. Front. Physiol, 12: 652828, doi.3389/fphys.2021.652828.
- Katayama, M., Kubo, T., Mogi, K., Ikeda, K., Nagasawa, M. and Kikusui, T. (2016). Heart rate variability predicts the emotional state in dogs.Behav. Processes, 128: 108 112. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2016.04.015
- Larson, G. S. and Bradley, D. G. (2014). How Much Is That in Dog Years.The Advent of Canine Population Genomics. PLoS Genet., 10(1): 1–4.doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004093.
- Lopedote, M. S., Valentini, S. J., Musella, V. O., Vilar, J. M., Spinella, G., R. and Springer, C. (2020). Changes in Pulse Rate, Respiratory Rate and Rectal Temperature in Working Dogs before and after Three Different Field Trials. Anim., 10(4): 733-745.doi: 10.3390/ani10040733.
- Martin, J. P., Dailey, M. andSugarmann, E. (1987). Negative and positive assays of superoxide dismutase based on haematoxylin autoxidation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 255: 329-336.doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(87)90400-0
- Minka, N. S. and Ayo, J. O. (2010). Physiological responses of food animals to road transportation stress.Afr. J. Biotechnol., 9: 6601-6613.
- Mohanambal, K., Satish Kumar, K., Nagaraj, P., Usha Rani, M. and Ravi Kumar, Y. (2023). Oxidative stress biomarkers in hypothyroid, non-hypothyroid illness and erythroid dogs. BioRxiv, doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.02.551618.
- Olayemi, F. O. (2009). Study on erythrocyte values of the Nigerian indigenous dog. Folia Vet., 53: 65-67.
- Rizzi, T. E., Meinkoth, J. H. and Clinkenbeard, K. D. (2010). In: Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology. Weiss, D. J., Wardrop, K. J. and Schalm, O. W. Pp 799-809.
- Thalmann, O. R. (2018). Paleogenomic Inferences of Dog Domestication. ISBN 978-3-030-04752-8.
- Zappaterra, M., Faucinato, L. and Costa, L. N. (2023). Road transport: A review of its effects on the welfare of pigs. Anims., 13(10):1604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101604
References
Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Meth. Enzymol., 105: 121-126.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
Anoh, K. U. (2018). Effecct of transportation stress on the thermoregulatory regulatory response of young and adult rabbits.Niger. J.Animal Sci., 20: 490-495.
Axelsson, E. C., Ratnakumar, A. D., Arendt, M. L., Maqbool, K., Webster, M. T., Hedhammar, A. and Lindblad-Toh, K. (2013).The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet. New york: J. Dog Domesticat., 23: 444-455.
Baker, A. and Silverton, N. (1985). Haematology and behaviour of pullets transported by road and administered with ascorbic acid during the hot-dry season.Res. Vet. Sci., 85(2): 389–393. .
Basjaruddin, N. C. (2021). Measurement device for stress level and vital signs based on sensor fusion.Healthc. Inform. Res.,27:11 18.doi:10.4258/hir.2021.27.1.11
Becher, A., Suchodolski, J. S., Steiner, J. M. and Heilmann, R. M. (2021). Blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a diagnostic marker in dogs with chronic enteropathy. J Vet. Diagn. Invest. 33 (3): 516-527.doi: 10.1177/1040638721992057
Cugmas, B. D., Šušterič, P. S., Gorenjec, N. R., Plavec, T. C., Checgk, D. M. and Gorexka, A. A. (2020). Comparison between rectal and body surface temperature in dogs by the calibrated infrared thermometer. Hawaii: Vet. Anim. Sci., 9: 100-120.doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100120.
Dewey, T. and Bhagat, S. (2002). Canis lupus familiaris. Scotland: Animal Diversity Web Press,23(3): 30-89.
Earley, B., Murray, M., Prendiville, D. J., Pintado, B., Borque, C. and Canali, E. (2012). The effect of transport by road and sea on physiology, immunity and behavior of beef cattle. Res. Vet. Sci., 92:531–541.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.04.002.
Ememe, M. U., Mshelia, W. P. and Ayo, J. O. (2015). Ameliorative effects of resveraterol on oxidative stress biomarkers in horses. JEVS, 35: 518-523.
Esievo, K. A. N. (2017) Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 1st Edition. Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan.
Flohe, L. and Gunzler, W. A. (1984). Assays of glutathione peroxidase. Meth. Enzymol., 105: 114-121.
Herbel, J., Aurich, J., Gautier, C., Melchert, M., Aurich, B. and Verish, H. (2020). Stress response of beagle dogs to repeated short distance road transport.Anim., 10:2114, doi.org/10.3390/ani 10112114.
Igado, O. (2017). Skull typology and morphometrics of the Nigerian local dog (Canis lupus familiaris),Niger. J. Physiol. Sci., 254: 230-300.
Kang, S., Ko, Y., Moon, Y., Sohn, S. and Jang, I. (2011). Effects of the combined stress induced by stocking density and feeding-restriction on haematological and cytokine parameters as stress indicators in laying hen. Asian-Australas J. Anim. Sci., 24: 414-420.
Kasahara, Y., Yoshida, C., Saito, M. and Kimura, Y. (2021). Assessments of heart rate and sympathetic and parasympatheticnervous activities of normal mouse fetuses at different stages of fetal development using fetal electrocardiography. Front. Physiol, 12: 652828, doi.3389/fphys.2021.652828.
Katayama, M., Kubo, T., Mogi, K., Ikeda, K., Nagasawa, M. and Kikusui, T. (2016). Heart rate variability predicts the emotional state in dogs.Behav. Processes, 128: 108 112. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2016.04.015
Larson, G. S. and Bradley, D. G. (2014). How Much Is That in Dog Years.The Advent of Canine Population Genomics. PLoS Genet., 10(1): 1–4.doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004093.
Lopedote, M. S., Valentini, S. J., Musella, V. O., Vilar, J. M., Spinella, G., R. and Springer, C. (2020). Changes in Pulse Rate, Respiratory Rate and Rectal Temperature in Working Dogs before and after Three Different Field Trials. Anim., 10(4): 733-745.doi: 10.3390/ani10040733.
Martin, J. P., Dailey, M. andSugarmann, E. (1987). Negative and positive assays of superoxide dismutase based on haematoxylin autoxidation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 255: 329-336.doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(87)90400-0
Minka, N. S. and Ayo, J. O. (2010). Physiological responses of food animals to road transportation stress.Afr. J. Biotechnol., 9: 6601-6613.
Mohanambal, K., Satish Kumar, K., Nagaraj, P., Usha Rani, M. and Ravi Kumar, Y. (2023). Oxidative stress biomarkers in hypothyroid, non-hypothyroid illness and erythroid dogs. BioRxiv, doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.02.551618.
Olayemi, F. O. (2009). Study on erythrocyte values of the Nigerian indigenous dog. Folia Vet., 53: 65-67.
Rizzi, T. E., Meinkoth, J. H. and Clinkenbeard, K. D. (2010). In: Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology. Weiss, D. J., Wardrop, K. J. and Schalm, O. W. Pp 799-809.
Thalmann, O. R. (2018). Paleogenomic Inferences of Dog Domestication. ISBN 978-3-030-04752-8.
Zappaterra, M., Faucinato, L. and Costa, L. N. (2023). Road transport: A review of its effects on the welfare of pigs. Anims., 13(10):1604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101604