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Abstract
Normal levels of platelets and erythrocytes parameters and the effect of breed and sex on them in healthy police dogs were determined. Forty-six dogs were used; 20 Labrador Retriever and 26 German Shepherd dogs comprising 21 males and 25 females, 20-83 months old. Five ml blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein; and analyzed using BK6100 Auto Hematology Analyzer. German Shepherd dogs showed significantly (p≤0.05) higher values than Labrador Retriever dogs for Mean platelet volume (MPV) (10.43±0.71vs. 9.9±0.73 FL), Red blood cells count (RBCs) (6.75±0.26 vs. 6.51±0.27 x1012 /L), and Hemoglobin concentration (HGB) (180.81±9.53vs.172.4±11.98 g/L), respectively. Highly positive significant correlations (p≤0.01) were found between Platelet count (PLT) and Plateletcrit (PCT) in males, females, and all dogs, and between MPV and Platelets distribution width (PDW) in all dogs. A highly positive significant correlation (p≤0.01) was found between MPV and PCT in all dogs. A highly negative significant correlation (p≤0.01) was found between PDW and RBCs and Red cell blood distribution width- index (RDW-CV) in males and all dogs. Also, a highly positive significant (p≤0.01) correlation was found between PDW and Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in all dogs. A highly significant negative correlation (p≤0.01) was found between MPV and RBCs in males. A highly negative significant correlation (p≤0.01) was found between MPV and RDW (CV) in males. However, highly positive significant correlations (p≤0.01) were found between MPV and Hematocrit (HCT) in females. The breed may influence platelets and erythrocyte parameters and this should be considered in clinical interpretations.
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References
- Abdeen, A. M. (2005). Effects of Smelling Narcotics on Some Biochemical Parameters in German Shepherd Dogs.M.Sc. thesis, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
- Adebiyi, O. E., Ajayi, J. O. and Olayemi, F. O. (2014). Haematology of Rottweiler dog in a tropical environment. New York Science Journal, 7(9): 1-4.
- Adekola, A. A., Jagun, A. T., Emikpe, B. O. and Antia, R. E. (2015). Baseline haematology and erythrocyte morphological changes of apparently normal dogs raised in Ibadan, Oyo State. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 30(1-2) 111-118.
- Ajala, O. O., Fayemi, O. O., and Kolawole, T. O. (2011). Short Communication Erythrocyte parameters as indicators for differentiating between the pregnant and pseudo pregnant bitches in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 26(1) 19 – 22.
- Aniołek, O., Barc, A., Jarosińska, A., and Gajewski, Z. (2018). Evaluation of frequency and intensity of asymptomatic anisocytosis in the Japanese dog breeds Shiba, Akita, and Hokkaido. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 86(4), 385-391.
- Awad-Elkareem, A., Israa, I.,Razaz, Y.,Eman,A Reem, M.,Sara,M.,Haifa,A. and Adam.,A. (2015).Reference value of Platelets count and indices in Sudanese using Sysmex KX-21. International Journal of Healthcare Sciences, 3(2): 120-125.
- Bommer, N. X., Shaw, D. J., Milne, E. M., and Ridyard, A. E. (2008). Platelet distribution width and mean platelet volume in the interpretation of thrombocytopenia in dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 49(10), 518-524.
- Bourgès‐Abella, N., Geffré, A., Concordet, D., Braun, J. P., and Trumel, C. (2011). Canine reference intervals for the Sysmex XT‐2000iV hematology analyzer. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 40(3), 303-315.
- Çayir, C. and Kozat, S. (2016). Investigation of homocysteine levels in healthy dogsJournal of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, 4(3): 305-310.
- Erickson, H. H., Goff, J. P., and Uemura, E. E. (2015). Dukes' physiology of domestic animals. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Chichester, UK.
- Fabisiak, M., Sapierzynski, R. and Klucinski, W. (2010). Analysis of haematological abnormalities observed in dogs infected by a large Babesia. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 54: 167-170.
- Hussein, M. F., Al-Jumaah, R. S., Alhaidary, A. A., Alshaikh, M. A., Elnabi, A. G., Mohammed, O. B. and Macasero, W. V. (2009). Blood Platelet Indices and Parallel Red Cell Parameters in the Arabian Mountain Gazelle (Gazella gazella). Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(7): 785-788.
- Hussein. M., Aljumaah. R., Alhaidary. A., Alshaikh. M., Mohammed. O., Omer. S., Gar-Elnabi. A. and Macasero. W. (2010). Platelets indices of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedaries). VeterinarskiArhiv, 80 (3):375-382.
- Hussein, M. F., Elnabi, A. G., Aljarf, A. N., Aljumaah, R. S., Bakhiet, A. O. and Alshaikh, M. A. (2012). Variation of the platelet indices of dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) with age, sex and breed. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(19): 4478-4483.
- Nagata, Y., Yoshikawa, J., Hashimoto, A., Yamamoto, M., Payne, A. H. and Todokoro, K. (2003). Proplatelet formation of megakaryocytes is triggered by autocrine-synthesized estradiol. Genes & Development, 17(23):2864-2869.
- Nidaa, A.M., Ahmed.S.H, Shadia, A., O. and Abdelsammad, G., H. (2017) "Platelet Indices in Male and Female German Shepherd Dogs in theSudan." IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 10(7): 60-63.
- Reddy, R. S., Khan, I. M. and Phansalkar, D. M. (2015). Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) in Thrombocytopenia. Indian Medical Gazette, 188: 169-174.
- Santimone, I., Di Castelnuovo, A. F., De Curtis, A., Spinelli, M., Cugino, D., Gianfagna, F. and Iacoviello, L. (2011). White blood cells count, sex and age are major determinants of platelet indices heterogeneity in an adult general population: results from the MOLI-SANI project. Haematologica, 96.8, 1180-1188.
- Schneider, L. and Mischke, R. (2016). Platelet variables in healthy dogs: reference intervals and influence of age, breed and sex. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 25(6):1097-1106.
- Schwartz, D., Sharkey, L., Armstrong, P. J., Knudson, C. and Kelley, J. (2014). Platelet volume and plateletcrit in dogs with presumed primary immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 28(5):1575-1579.
- Suljević, D.,Muhamed, F., Dunja, R. and Amir, Z. (2016). Comparative analysis of hematological parameters in working police dogs. Macedonian Journal of Animal Science, 6(1):65-70.
- Temizel, E.M., Cihan, H., Yilmaz, Z. and Aytug, N. (2011). Evaluation of erythrocyte and platelet indices in canine visceral leishmaniasis. Ankara ÜniversitesiVeterinerFakültesiDergisi, 58(3):185-188.
- Vojta, L., Mrljak, V. and Beck, R. (2012). Haematological and biochemical parameters of canine hepatozoonosis in Croatia. VeterinarskiArhiv, 82(4):359-370.
- Weiss, D.J. and Wardrop, K.J. E. (2011). Schalm's veterinary hematology. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication. Chichester, UK.
- Wiwanitkit, V. (2004). Plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width: its expected values and correlation with parallel red blood cell parameters. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, 10(2), 175-178.
- Żmigrodzka, M., Guzera, M. and Winnicka, A. (2014). Evaluation of reticulated platelets in dogs witbreed-related thrombocytopenia. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 17(1):137-142.
References
Abdeen, A. M. (2005). Effects of Smelling Narcotics on Some Biochemical Parameters in German Shepherd Dogs.M.Sc. thesis, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Adebiyi, O. E., Ajayi, J. O. and Olayemi, F. O. (2014). Haematology of Rottweiler dog in a tropical environment. New York Science Journal, 7(9): 1-4.
Adekola, A. A., Jagun, A. T., Emikpe, B. O. and Antia, R. E. (2015). Baseline haematology and erythrocyte morphological changes of apparently normal dogs raised in Ibadan, Oyo State. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 30(1-2) 111-118.
Ajala, O. O., Fayemi, O. O., and Kolawole, T. O. (2011). Short Communication Erythrocyte parameters as indicators for differentiating between the pregnant and pseudo pregnant bitches in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 26(1) 19 – 22.
Aniołek, O., Barc, A., Jarosińska, A., and Gajewski, Z. (2018). Evaluation of frequency and intensity of asymptomatic anisocytosis in the Japanese dog breeds Shiba, Akita, and Hokkaido. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 86(4), 385-391.
Awad-Elkareem, A., Israa, I.,Razaz, Y.,Eman,A Reem, M.,Sara,M.,Haifa,A. and Adam.,A. (2015).Reference value of Platelets count and indices in Sudanese using Sysmex KX-21. International Journal of Healthcare Sciences, 3(2): 120-125.
Bommer, N. X., Shaw, D. J., Milne, E. M., and Ridyard, A. E. (2008). Platelet distribution width and mean platelet volume in the interpretation of thrombocytopenia in dogs. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 49(10), 518-524.
Bourgès‐Abella, N., Geffré, A., Concordet, D., Braun, J. P., and Trumel, C. (2011). Canine reference intervals for the Sysmex XT‐2000iV hematology analyzer. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 40(3), 303-315.
Çayir, C. and Kozat, S. (2016). Investigation of homocysteine levels in healthy dogsJournal of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, 4(3): 305-310.
Erickson, H. H., Goff, J. P., and Uemura, E. E. (2015). Dukes' physiology of domestic animals. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Chichester, UK.
Fabisiak, M., Sapierzynski, R. and Klucinski, W. (2010). Analysis of haematological abnormalities observed in dogs infected by a large Babesia. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 54: 167-170.
Hussein, M. F., Al-Jumaah, R. S., Alhaidary, A. A., Alshaikh, M. A., Elnabi, A. G., Mohammed, O. B. and Macasero, W. V. (2009). Blood Platelet Indices and Parallel Red Cell Parameters in the Arabian Mountain Gazelle (Gazella gazella). Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(7): 785-788.
Hussein. M., Aljumaah. R., Alhaidary. A., Alshaikh. M., Mohammed. O., Omer. S., Gar-Elnabi. A. and Macasero. W. (2010). Platelets indices of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedaries). VeterinarskiArhiv, 80 (3):375-382.
Hussein, M. F., Elnabi, A. G., Aljarf, A. N., Aljumaah, R. S., Bakhiet, A. O. and Alshaikh, M. A. (2012). Variation of the platelet indices of dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) with age, sex and breed. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(19): 4478-4483.
Nagata, Y., Yoshikawa, J., Hashimoto, A., Yamamoto, M., Payne, A. H. and Todokoro, K. (2003). Proplatelet formation of megakaryocytes is triggered by autocrine-synthesized estradiol. Genes & Development, 17(23):2864-2869.
Nidaa, A.M., Ahmed.S.H, Shadia, A., O. and Abdelsammad, G., H. (2017) "Platelet Indices in Male and Female German Shepherd Dogs in theSudan." IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 10(7): 60-63.
Reddy, R. S., Khan, I. M. and Phansalkar, D. M. (2015). Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) in Thrombocytopenia. Indian Medical Gazette, 188: 169-174.
Santimone, I., Di Castelnuovo, A. F., De Curtis, A., Spinelli, M., Cugino, D., Gianfagna, F. and Iacoviello, L. (2011). White blood cells count, sex and age are major determinants of platelet indices heterogeneity in an adult general population: results from the MOLI-SANI project. Haematologica, 96.8, 1180-1188.
Schneider, L. and Mischke, R. (2016). Platelet variables in healthy dogs: reference intervals and influence of age, breed and sex. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 25(6):1097-1106.
Schwartz, D., Sharkey, L., Armstrong, P. J., Knudson, C. and Kelley, J. (2014). Platelet volume and plateletcrit in dogs with presumed primary immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 28(5):1575-1579.
Suljević, D.,Muhamed, F., Dunja, R. and Amir, Z. (2016). Comparative analysis of hematological parameters in working police dogs. Macedonian Journal of Animal Science, 6(1):65-70.
Temizel, E.M., Cihan, H., Yilmaz, Z. and Aytug, N. (2011). Evaluation of erythrocyte and platelet indices in canine visceral leishmaniasis. Ankara ÜniversitesiVeterinerFakültesiDergisi, 58(3):185-188.
Vojta, L., Mrljak, V. and Beck, R. (2012). Haematological and biochemical parameters of canine hepatozoonosis in Croatia. VeterinarskiArhiv, 82(4):359-370.
Weiss, D.J. and Wardrop, K.J. E. (2011). Schalm's veterinary hematology. A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication. Chichester, UK.
Wiwanitkit, V. (2004). Plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width: its expected values and correlation with parallel red blood cell parameters. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, 10(2), 175-178.
Żmigrodzka, M., Guzera, M. and Winnicka, A. (2014). Evaluation of reticulated platelets in dogs witbreed-related thrombocytopenia. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 17(1):137-142.