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Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Calocybe indica extract (CLE) on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced hematological changes and oxidative stress in rats. The rats were grouped into six equal groups of ten rats each as follows:(a) control, (b) TP 3 mg/kg only, (c) 3mg/kg TP+ 5 mg/kg finasteride, (d) 3 mg/kg TP+250 mg/kg CLE, (e) 3 mg/kg TP+ 500 mg/kg CLE and (f) 3 mg/kg TP+1000 mg/kg CLE. The rats were administered TP subcutaneously for 28 days to induce benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and simultaneously administered three graded doses of CLE, and finasteride as the standard drug. Hematological parameters, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and histopathological examination of the prostate were assessed. BPH induction showed higher red blood cells (RBCs) count, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lower white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocyte count as well as lower catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. The simultaneous oral administration of CLE with testosterone injection did not significantly lower RBC count, Hb concentration and PCV but significantly lowered serum PSA and MDA. There was also a significantly higher WBC count, lymphocyte count, CAT and SOD activities. The results from this study suggest that dietary consumption of Calocybe indica, a mushroom with high antioxidant activity ameliorated BPH induced oxidative tissue damage and hematological alterations.
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References
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References
Aghazadeh, M., Pastuszak, A.W., Johnson, W.G., McIntyre, M.G., Hsieh, T.M. andLipshultz,L.I. (2015). Elevated dihydrotestosterone is associated with testosterone induced erythrocytosis. J. Urol., 194(1), 160–165. doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.01.038
Ahmed Amar, S. A., Eryilmaz, R., Demir, H., Aykan, S. and Demir, C. (2019). Determination of oxidative stress levels and some antioxidant enzyme activities in prostate cancer. Aging Male., 22 (3), 198–206. doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2018.1488955
Akbari, F., Azadbakht, M., Gaurav, A., Azimi, F., Mahdizadeh, Z., Vahedi, L., Barzegar Nejad, A., Chabra, A. and Eghbali, M. (2022). Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of the traditional herbal medicine Atrifil and Oshagh gum on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in wistar rats. Adv. Urol., 2022, 5742431. doi.org/10.1155/2022/5742431
Al-Sheikh, Y. A. and Ghneim, H. K. (2011). 'The effect of micronutrients on superoxide dismutase in senescent fibroblasts'. Cell. Biochem. Funct., 29(5):384 93.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.1761
Asiedu, B., Anang, Y., Nyarko, A., Doku, D.A., Amoah, B.Y., Santa, S., Ngala, R.A. and Asare, G.A. (2017). The role of sex steroid hormones in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Aging Male, 20(1), 17–22. doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2016.1272101
Bachman, E., Feng, R., Travison, T., Li, M., Olbina, G., Ostland, V., Ulloor, J., Zhang, A., Basaria, S., Ganz, T., Westerman, M. and Bhasin, S. (2010). Testosterone suppresses hepcidin in men: a potential mechanism for testosterone-induced erythrocytosis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 95(10):4743-7. doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-0864
Bhambri, A., Srivastava, M., Mahale, V. G., Mahale, S. and Karn, S. K. (2022). Mushrooms as potential sources of active metabolites and medicines. Front. Microbiol., 13:837266. doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.837266
Chen, B., Cao, D., Chen, Z., Huang, Y., Lin, T., Ai, J., Liu, L. and Wei, Q. (2020). Estrogen regulates the proliferation and inflammatory expression of primary stromal cell in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Transl. Androl. Urol., 9(2):322-331.doi.org/10.21037/tau.2020.02.08
Choi, Y. J., Kim, E. K., Fan, M., Tang, Y., Hwang, Y. J. and Sung, S. H. (2019). Effect of Paecilomycestenuipesextract on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in sprague-dawley rats. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health., 16(19):3764. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193764
Csikós, E., Horváth, A., Ács, K., Papp, N., Balázs, V. L., Dolenc, M.S., Kenda, M., Kočevar Glavač, N., Nagy, M., Protti, M., Mercolini, L., Horváth, G. and Farkas, Á. (2021). Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia by natural drugs. Molecules., 26(23), 7141. doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237141
De Nunzio, C., Presicce, F. and Tubaro, A. (2016). Inflammatory mediators in the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Nat. Rev. Urol., 13(10):613–626. doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2016.168
Delev, D.P., Davcheva, D.P., Kostadinov, I.D. and Kostadinova, I.I. (2013). Effect of testosterone propionate on erythropoiesis after experimental orchiectomy. Folia. Med., 55(2):51-7. doi.org/10.2478/folmed-2013-0017
Dong, X., Liao, Y., Chen, K., Fang, Y., Li, W., Chen, J., You, L. and Li, S. (2015). Elevated red blood cell distribution width in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with metabolic syndrome. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., 8(1):1213-9.
Eleazu, C., Obianuju, N., Eleazu, K. and Kalu, W. (2017). The role of dietary polyphenols in the management of erectile dysfunction Mechanisms of action. Biomed. Pharmacother., 88: 644–652. doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.125
Ghosh, S., Khatua, S., Dasgupta, A. and Acharya, K. (2021). Crude polysaccharide from the milky mushroom, Calocybe indica, modulates innate immunity of macrophage cells by triggering MyD88-dependent TLR4/NF-κB pathway. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.,73(1), 70–81. doi.org/10.1093/jpp/rgaa020
Ghosh, S.K. (2015). Study of anticancer effect of Calocybe indica mushroom on breast cancer cell line and human Ewings sarcoma cancer cell lines. N. Y. Sci. J., 8: 10–5.
Glina, S., Roehrborn, C. G., Esen, A., Plekhanov, A., Sorsaburu, S., Henneges, C., Büttner, H. and Viktrup, L. (2015). Sexual function in men with lower urinary tract symptoms and prostatic enlargement secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of tadalafil coadministered with finasteride. J. Sex. Med., 12(1):129-38.12(1), 129–138.doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12714
Grossmann, M. and Zajac, J. D. (2012). Hematological changes during androgen deprivation therapy. Asian. J. Androl., 14(2):187-192. doi.org/10.1038/aja.2011.102
Hadwan, M. H. (2018). Simple spectrophotometric assay for measuring catalase activity in biological tissues. BMC Biochem., 19(1):7. doi.org/10.1186/s12858-018-0097-5
Hassan, A.A. (2010). Effect of castration on some physiological aspect in rats: Effect of testosterone hormone. J. Educ. Sci. 23(3), 28-39.
Higgins, T., Beutler, E. and Doumas, B.T. (2008). Measurement of hemoglobin in blood. In: Burtis, C.A., Ashwood, E.R. and Bruns, D.E., Eds., Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry, 6th Edition, Saunders Elsevier, Missouri. 514-515.
Homma, Y., Gotoh, M., Kawauchi, A., Kojima, Y., Masumori, N., Nagai, A., Saitoh, T., Sakai, H., Takahashi, S., Ukimura, O., Yamanishi, T., Yokoyama, O., Yoshida, M. and Maeda, K. (2017). Clinical guidelines for male lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int. J. Urol., 24(10): 716-729.doi.org/10.1111/iju.13401
Jeon, W. Y., Kim, O. S., Seo, C. S., Jin, S. E., Kim, J. A., Shin, H. K., Kim, Y. U. and Lee, M. Y. (2017). Inhibitory effects of Ponciri Fructus on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 17(1):384. doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1877-y
Jones, S. D., Jr, Dukovac, T., Sangkum, P., Yafi, F. A. and Hellstrom, W. J. (2015). Erythrocytosis and polycythemia secondary to testosterone replacement therapy in the aging male. Sex. Med. Rev., 3(2):101-112. doi.org/10.1002/smrj.43
Kakkar, P., Das, B. and Viswanathan, P. N. (1984). A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase. Indian J BiochemBiophys., 21(2):130-2.
Kalu, W. O., Okafor, P. N., Ijeh, I. I. and Eleazu, C. (2016). Effect of kolaviron, a biflavanoid complex from Garcinia kola on some biochemical parameters in experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasic rats. Biomed. Pharmacother., 83:1436–1443. doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.064
Kim, Y. N., Kim, M. S., Chun, S. S. and Choi, J. H. (2013). Effect of Phelliuslinteus water extract on benign prostatic hyperplasia. Nutr. Res. Pract., 7(3):172-177. doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2013.7.3.172
Ko, J. W., Park, S. W., Shin, N. R., Kim, W. I., Kim, J. C., Shin, I. S. and Shin, D. H. (2018). Inhibitory effects of Pycnogenol®, a pine bark extract, in a rat model of testosterone propionate induced benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lab. Anim. Res., 34 (3):111-117. doi.org/10.5625/lar.2018.34.3.111
Kwon, Y. (2019). Use of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) extract for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Food Sci. Biotechnol., 28:1599-1606. doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00605-9
La Vignera, S., Condorelli, R. A., Russo, G. I., Morgia, G. and Calogero, A. E. (2016). Endocrine control of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Androl., 4(3), 404–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12186
Langan, R.C. (2019). Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prim. Care Clin. Office Prac. 46:223–232.
Lepor, H. (2016). Alpha-blockers for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urol. Clin. North Am., 43:311 23.doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2016.04.009.
Madersbacher, S., Sampson, N. and Culig, Z. (2019). Pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and benign prostatic enlargement: A mini-review. Gerontol. 65:458-464.doi.org/10.1159/000496289
Makchit, G. (2017). Prevalence of prostatic disorders in dogs in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Saudi J. Med. Pharm. Sci., 3:745-747.
Minciullo, P. L., Inferrera, A., Navarra, M., Calapai, G., Magno, C. and Gangemi, S. (2015). Oxidative stress in benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. Urol. Int., 94:249–254. doi.org/10.1159/000366210
Mitsunari, K., Miyata, Y., Matsuo, T., Mukae, Y., Otsubo, A., Harada, J., Kondo, T., Matsuda, T., Ohba, K. and Sakai, H. (2021). Pharmacological Effects and Potential Clinical Usefulness of polyphenols in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Molecules.,26(2), 450. doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020450
Nahata, A. and Dixit, V. K. (2012). Ganoderma lucidum is an inhibitor of testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Andrologia., 44 Suppl 1:160-174. doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2010.1155.x
NRC. (2011).National Research Council. Committee for the update of the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, 8th edn. National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N. and Yagi, K. (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem., 95(2):351 8. doi.org/10.1016/0003 2697 (79)90738-3
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