Article Sidebar

Submitted
Nov 30, 2020
Accepted
Aug 18, 2021
Published
Sep 30, 2021
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 163 Download : 115

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Maintenance of strict biosecurity measures is essential in preventing disease spread from Live Bird Markets (LBMs) which serve as a major intermingling area for poultry from different sources. This study assessed the Biosecurity measures and spatial distribution of daily Live Bird Markets of four North-western States in Nigeria. Closed ended questionnaires were administered in 35 daily LBMs in Kaduna, Kano, Katsina and Zamfara states and identification of disinfectants used in the LBMs were noted. Swab samples of birds’ cages in the LBMs were taken for E. coli isolation. The live bird managers and marketers were all male (100%) across all the four states. Only 6(17%) out of the 35 LBMs had high biosecurity level, 69% had a moderate biosecurity level and 5(14%) were graded as low. Of the 400 Live bird marketers administered questionnaires, only 71 (18%) employ good biosecurity practices and 305(76%) were graded as fair and remaining 24(6%) as poor. Majority of the LBMs were located within human settlements without any form of barrier. There were seven main types of disinfectants identified across the all LBMs. Esherichia coli was isolated from 1(17%) LBM among the 6(17%) LBMs that were identified to have and use disinfectant. From the remaining 29(83%) LBMs, E.coli was isolated from only 5(17%) despite lacking in use of disinfectant by these LBMs. Live bird marketers should be educated on the need to adhere to biosecurity measures and practices.

Keywords

Biosecurity, Distribution, Live bird markets, Disinfectants, North-western Nigeria

Article Details

How to Cite
Hassan, S. A., Maikai, B. V., Kabir, J., & Aliyu, M. B. (2021). Assessment of Biosecurity Measures and Distribution of Daily Live Bird ‎Markets in Four North-Western States of Nigeria ‎. Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 18(3), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i3.219

References

  1. Abah, H. O., Assam, A., and Abdu, P. A. (2017). Newcastle ‎disease and biosecurity practices ‎ in live bird ‎markets in Benue State, Nigeria. Nigerian ‎Veterinary Journal, 38(1), 13 25.https://doi.org/10‎‎.5897/JVMAH2019.0825‎
  2. Abdullahi, M.I., Oguntunde, O. and Habib, A.G., (2010). ‎Knowledge, attitudes, and practicesof avian ‎influenza among poultry traders in ‎Nigeria. Internet Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8: ‎‎1-8.https://doi.org/10.5580/89e
  3. Adams, J. (2003). Vector: Rats and mice. In; CAMM ‎Poultry, Chapter 10: 1-5. ‎http://www.clemson.edu/extension/livestock/camm/camm_files/dairy/dch10c_04.pdf. ‎Accessed October 12, 2018. 9:23am.‎
  4. Ajetomobi, J.O and Adepoju, A.A., (2010). Avian influenza ‎awareness and profitability of poultry egg ‎production in Oyo State, Nigeria. International ‎Journal of poultry science, 9(2): 183-‎‎187.https://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2010.183.‎‎187‎
  5. Aliyu, M. B. Maikai, B. V. and Magaji, A. A. (2020). ‎Toxoplasma gondii infection and risk factors ‎associated with its spread at live bird markets ‎in Katsina Metropolis, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal ‎of Veterinary Sciences, 18(1), 39-‎‎46.https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v18i1.6‎
  6. Apostolakos, I., Mughini-Gras, L., Fasolato, L., & Piccirillo, ‎A. (2020). Impact of selective and non-‎selective media on prevalence and genetic ‎makeup of ESBL/pAmpC-producing ‎Escherichia coli in the broiler production ‎pyramid. Veterinary ‎Microbiology, 240, 108536. https://doi.org/10‎‎.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108536‎
  7. Augustine, C. Mojaba, D.I. and Igwebuike, J.U., (2010). An ‎assessment of biosecurity status of poultry ‎farms in Mubi zone of Adamawa state, ‎Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary ‎Sciences, 2: 65-67.‎
  8. Avian Influenza Control Project (AICP) (2008). ‎Development of Live Bird Markets in Nigeria, ‎Avian Influenza Control Project. Consultant ‎Report to Animal Health Component of the ‎Avian Influenza Control and Human ‎Pandemic Preparedness and Response Project, ‎Abuja. 10-50.‎
  9. Awosanya, E.J., (2015). Demographic and management ‎factors associated with biosecurity measure ‎compliance on pig farms in south west ‎Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary ‎Sciences, 13(2): 34 41. https://doi.org/10.4314‎‎/sokjvs.v13i2.6‎
  10. Barcelo, J. and Marco, E. (1998). On farm biosecurity. In: ‎Proceedings of the fifteenth international Pig ‎Veterinary Society Congress. 129-133.‎
  11. Bridges, C.B., Kuehnert, M.A. and Hall, C.B. (2003). ‎Transmission of Avian influenza: implication ‎for control in Healthcare settings. Clinical ‎Infectious Diseases, 37(8): 1094-1101. ‎DOI:10.1086/378292‎
  12. Cardona, C., Yee, K. and Carpenter, T., (2009). Are live bird ‎markets reservoirs of avian ‎influenza?. Poultry ‎science, 88(4): 856 859. https://doi.org/10.338‎‎2/ps.2008-00338‎
  13. Cheesbrough, M., (1981). Medical laboratory manual for ‎tropical countries (Vol. 1). M. Cheesbrough, 14 ‎Bevills Close, Doddington, Cambridgeshire, PE15 ‎OTT. Pp 134-145‎
  14. David, F. (2015). Increasing the nutrient content of chicken ‎eggs to improve human health. In: Poultry ‎Development Review. FAO, Rome, ISBN 978-‎‎92-5-108067-2‎
  15. Food and Agriculture Organization (2008a). Assessment of ‎the Nigerian poultry market chain to improve ‎biosecurity. Food and Agricultural ‎Organization consultancy report.‎
  16. Food and Agriculture Organization (2008b). Biosecurity for ‎Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, issues and ‎options.‎
  17. Food and Agriculture Organization (2010). Good practices ‎for bio-security in the pig sector issues and ‎options in developing and transition countries. ‎Rome
  18. Food and Agriculture Organization (2015). Biosecurity ‎guide for live poultry markets. FAO Animal ‎Production and Health Guidelines No. 17. ‎Rome, Italy.‎
  19. Fox, J.Q. (2012). Bio-security in Avian Influenza Control. ‎Retrieved from http://en.engormix.com/MA-‎poultry-industry/health/articles/biosecurity-‎avian-influenza- .Accessed October 12, 2018 ‎at 1:01pm.‎
  20. Halid, K., Hannah, K., Achilles, B., Edison, M., Josephine, ‎B., Lukwago., L., Millard, M., Fred, W. and ‎Denis, K.B. (2014). Poor biosecurity in live bird ‎markets in Uganda: A potential risk for highly ‎pathogenic avian influenza disease outbreak ‎in poultry and spread to humans. ‎International Journal of Public health and ‎Epidemiology, 9: 067 074. http://makir.mak.ac.ug/handle/10570/4465‎
  21. Henning, J., Hesterberg, U. W., Zenal, F., Schoonman, L., ‎Brum, E., and McGrane, J. (2019). Risk ‎factors for H5 avian influenza virus ‎prevalence on urban live bird markets in ‎Jakarta, Indonesia—Evaluation of long-term ‎environmental surveillance data. PLoS ‎One, 14(5), ‎e0216984.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216984‎
  22. Indriani, R., Samaan, G., Gultom, A., Loth, L., Indryani, S., ‎Adjid, R., Dharmayanti, N.L.P.I., Weaver, J., ‎Mumford, E., Lokuge, K. and Kelly, P.M., ‎‎(2010). Environmental sampling for avian ‎influenza virus A (H5N1) in live-bird markets, ‎Indonesia. Emerging Infectious diseases, 16(1‎‎2): 1889 1895. https://dx.doi.org/10.3201%2Feid1612.100402‎
  23. Kung, N.Y., Guan, Y., Perkins, N.R., Bissett, L., Ellis, T., ‎Sims, L., Morris, R.S., Shortridge, K.F. and ‎Peiris, J.S.M., (2003). The impact of a monthly ‎rest day on avian influenza virus isolation ‎rates in retail live poultry markets in Hong ‎Kong. Avian diseases, 47(s3): 1037-‎‎1041.https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-‎‎47.s3.1037‎
  24. Margaret, M.Q. and Paul, K.H.(2015). Cleaning and ‎disinfecting environmental surfaces in health ‎care: Towards an integrated framework for ‎infection and occupational illness prevention. ‎American Journal of Infection Control, 43(5): ‎‎424-434.‎
  25. Oladiran, O.G. and Kabir, J., (2015). Evaluation of poultry ‎processing practices, related public health laws ‎and diseases of chickens at slaughter: A pilot ‎study in Kaduna state. Sokoto Journal of ‎Veterinary Sciences, 13(1): 38 47. https://doi.‎org/10.4314/sokjvs.v13i1.6‎
  26. Olubunmi, G. F., Ismail, A. O., Fatima, A. B. and Folorunso, ‎O. F. (2017). Public health concerns of highly ‎pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 endemicity ‎in Africa. Veterinary World, 10(10): 1194–‎‎1204.https://dx.doi.org/10.14202%2Fvetworld‎.2017.1194-1204‎
  27. Qanbari, S., Rubin, C. J., Maqbool, K., Weigend, S., ‎Weigend, A., Geibel, J & Andersson, L. (2019). ‎Genetics of adaptation in modern ‎chicken. PLoSGenetics, 15(4), ‎e1007989.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007989‎
  28. Solomon, P., Abolnik, C., Joannis, T.M. and Bisschop, S., ‎‎(2012). Virulent Newcastle disease virus in ‎Nigeria: identification of a new clade of sub-‎lineage 5f from live-bird markets. Virus ‎genes, 44(1): 98 103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s‎11262-011-0678-5‎
  29. Trock, S.C., Gaeta, M., Gonzalez, A., Pederson, J.C. and ‎Senne, D.A., (2008). Evaluation of routine ‎depopulation, cleaning, and disinfection ‎procedures in the live bird markets, New ‎York. Avian Diseases, 52(1): 160 162. https://‎doi.org/10.1637/7980-040607-reg
  30. Yee, K.S., Carpenter, T.E., Mize, S. and Cardona, C.J., ‎‎(2008). The live bird market system and low-‎pathogenic avian influenza prevention in ‎southern California. Avian diseases, 52(2): ‎‎348-352.https://doi.org/10.1637/8138-‎‎101207-reg.1‎
  31. Yupiana, Y., de Vlas, S.J., Adnan, N.M. and Richardus, J.H., ‎‎(2010). Risk factors of poultry outbreaks and ‎human cases of H5N1 avian influenza virus ‎infection in West Java Province, ‎Indonesia. International Journal of Infectious ‎Diseases, 14(9):800-‎‎805.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2010.03.014‎