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Abstract
Contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia (CBPP) is an endemic disease in Nigeria, mostly affecting cattle. Despite the endemic status of CBPP in Nigeria, there is a dearth of information on the clinicopathological manifestations of the disease in Sokoto Gudali breed of cattle, hence the need to highlight our findings in this report. The carcass of 11-month-old Sokoto Gudali heifer was presented for necropsy with a history of respiratory distress amongst the herd. A detailed postmortem examination was conducted, and representative tissue sections collected for histopathologic tissue processing. Swabs of the lung tissue and pleural effusion were also collected for bacteriology. A farm visit to assess and manage the disease within the herd was also carried out. Nasal swabs and blood samples were also collected for bacteriological and haematological analyses. Necropsy revealed marked fibrinous effusion in the pleural cavity, fibrinous consolidation of the left lung, and chronic pneumonia of the right lung. Clinical observations of the herd made on farm visit included emaciation, cough, nasal discharge, anorexia and fever in some of the heifers. Haematological analysis of the blood samples revealed anaemia and leukopenia due to neutropenia. Histopathological analysis of samples from the left lung revealed acute fibrinous pleuro-pneumonia whereas analysis of the right lung revealed chronic interstitial pneumonia. Microbial culture of the pleural effusion and nasal swab yielded growths of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides (Mmm) colonies. Consequently, the sick heifers were culled while others were treated with enrofloxacin and tetracycline injections. The burden of CBPP in cattle in Nigeria is enormous and discourages investments in the livestock sector thereby thwarting efforts to meet the protein requirements of the growing population.
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Copyright (c) 2024 N. A. Sani, S. E. Abalaka, O. Z. Tenuche, V. O. Kolawole, D. O. Olutayo, J. E. Shaaba, J. S. Akinbola, J. S. Ahmed (Author)
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References
- Alhaji, N.B., Ankeli, P.I., Ikpa, L.T. and Babalobi, O.O. (2020). Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: challenges and prospects regarding diagnosis and control Strategies in Africa. Vet. Med.: Res. and Rep., 11: 71–85. https://doi.org/10.2147/vmrr.s180025.
- Almaw, G., Duguma, M., Wubetie, A., Tuli, G. and Koran, T. (2016). A contagious bovine pleuropneumonia outbreak on a research farm in Ethiopia, and its dynamics over an eight-month period. Revue Scientifique et Technique, 2016, 35 (3): 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.35.3.2569.
- Anjum, A., Aslam, A., Akhtar, R., Yaqub, T., Khan, M.R., Sultan, R., Usman, S., Durrani, A.Z. and Usman, M. (2020). Molecular detection and pathological investigation of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Pak. J. Zool., 52(2): 797-800. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20190706160736.
- Anyika, K.C., Okaiyeto, S.O., Sackey, A.K., Kwanashie, C.N. and Ikpa, L.T. (2021). Seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in three selected south-eastern states of Nigeria. Sokoto J. Vet. Sci., 19(1), 49-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v19i1.7.
- Danbirni, S., Kaltungo, B.Y., Daudu, B.B., Mohammed F.U., Abubakar, U.B., Ibrahim, S., Usman, A. and Sackey, A.K.B. (2020). Clinical management protocol of an acute contagious bovine pleuropnuemonia in a 6-year-old Bunaji cow in Sakaru village of Soba local government area, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 47(2):51–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i2.98.
- Di-Teodoro, G., Marruchella, G., Di Provvido, A., D’Angelo, A.R., Orsini, G., Di Giuseppe, P., Sacchini, F. and Scacchia, M. (2020). Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: a comprehensive overview. Vet. Pathol., 57(4): 476-489. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985820921818.
- Gull, T., French, R.A., Gorton, T.S., Burrage, T.G., Prozesky, L., Geary, S.J. and Adams, L.G. (2013). Models of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: evaluation of two novel strains. The Open Vet. Sci. J., 7: 23-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1874318820130731002
- Ikpa, L.T., Bwala, D.G., Ankeli, P.I., Kaikabo, A.A., Maichibi, M.S., Maurina, I.A., Abenga, J.N., Nwankpa, N.D. and Adah, M.I. (2020). Isolation and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecie mycoides in 3 agro ecological zones of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Open J. Vet. Med., 10: 15=26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2020.102002
- Markus, I.F., Adamu, J., Allam, L., Kwanashie, C., Raji, M. and Mohammed, B. (2022). Epidemiological and pathological screening of suspected cases of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Yola Modern Abattoir, Adamawa State Nigeria. Niger. Vet. J., 42(4): 292–300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i4.5.
- Musa, J.A., Bale, J.O.O., Kazeem, H. M., Nwankpa, N.D., Di Provvido, A., Sacchini, F. and Pini, A. (2016). Molecular detection of Nigerian field isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides as causative agents of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med., 4(2), 46–53. DOI: https://doi:10.1016/j.ijvsm.2016.10.007.
- Olayemi, F.O., Nwandu, C.N. and Aiyedun, J.O. (2007). Haematology of Sokoto Gudali cattle as influenced by sex and breed. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 6(6): 816-818.
- Otina, B., Kitala, P., Bebora, L.C., Olum, M.O., Kipronoh, A., Chesang, L., Stuke, K., and Wesonga, H. (2022). Effects of long acting oxytetracycline on contagious bovine pleuropneumonia experimentally infected cattle. Tanz. J. Sci., 48(4): 954–961. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i4.20.
- World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) (2020). Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Accessed on 08 March, 2024 at https://www.woah.org/app/uploads/2021/03/contagious-bovine-pleuropneumonia.pdf.
References
Alhaji, N.B., Ankeli, P.I., Ikpa, L.T. and Babalobi, O.O. (2020). Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: challenges and prospects regarding diagnosis and control Strategies in Africa. Vet. Med.: Res. and Rep., 11: 71–85. https://doi.org/10.2147/vmrr.s180025.
Almaw, G., Duguma, M., Wubetie, A., Tuli, G. and Koran, T. (2016). A contagious bovine pleuropneumonia outbreak on a research farm in Ethiopia, and its dynamics over an eight-month period. Revue Scientifique et Technique, 2016, 35 (3): 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.35.3.2569.
Anjum, A., Aslam, A., Akhtar, R., Yaqub, T., Khan, M.R., Sultan, R., Usman, S., Durrani, A.Z. and Usman, M. (2020). Molecular detection and pathological investigation of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Pak. J. Zool., 52(2): 797-800. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20190706160736.
Anyika, K.C., Okaiyeto, S.O., Sackey, A.K., Kwanashie, C.N. and Ikpa, L.T. (2021). Seroprevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in three selected south-eastern states of Nigeria. Sokoto J. Vet. Sci., 19(1), 49-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v19i1.7.
Danbirni, S., Kaltungo, B.Y., Daudu, B.B., Mohammed F.U., Abubakar, U.B., Ibrahim, S., Usman, A. and Sackey, A.K.B. (2020). Clinical management protocol of an acute contagious bovine pleuropnuemonia in a 6-year-old Bunaji cow in Sakaru village of Soba local government area, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 47(2):51–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i2.98.
Di-Teodoro, G., Marruchella, G., Di Provvido, A., D’Angelo, A.R., Orsini, G., Di Giuseppe, P., Sacchini, F. and Scacchia, M. (2020). Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: a comprehensive overview. Vet. Pathol., 57(4): 476-489. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985820921818.
Gull, T., French, R.A., Gorton, T.S., Burrage, T.G., Prozesky, L., Geary, S.J. and Adams, L.G. (2013). Models of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: evaluation of two novel strains. The Open Vet. Sci. J., 7: 23-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1874318820130731002
Ikpa, L.T., Bwala, D.G., Ankeli, P.I., Kaikabo, A.A., Maichibi, M.S., Maurina, I.A., Abenga, J.N., Nwankpa, N.D. and Adah, M.I. (2020). Isolation and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecie mycoides in 3 agro ecological zones of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Open J. Vet. Med., 10: 15=26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2020.102002
Markus, I.F., Adamu, J., Allam, L., Kwanashie, C., Raji, M. and Mohammed, B. (2022). Epidemiological and pathological screening of suspected cases of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Yola Modern Abattoir, Adamawa State Nigeria. Niger. Vet. J., 42(4): 292–300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v42i4.5.
Musa, J.A., Bale, J.O.O., Kazeem, H. M., Nwankpa, N.D., Di Provvido, A., Sacchini, F. and Pini, A. (2016). Molecular detection of Nigerian field isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides as causative agents of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med., 4(2), 46–53. DOI: https://doi:10.1016/j.ijvsm.2016.10.007.
Olayemi, F.O., Nwandu, C.N. and Aiyedun, J.O. (2007). Haematology of Sokoto Gudali cattle as influenced by sex and breed. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 6(6): 816-818.
Otina, B., Kitala, P., Bebora, L.C., Olum, M.O., Kipronoh, A., Chesang, L., Stuke, K., and Wesonga, H. (2022). Effects of long acting oxytetracycline on contagious bovine pleuropneumonia experimentally infected cattle. Tanz. J. Sci., 48(4): 954–961. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v48i4.20.
World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) (2020). Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Accessed on 08 March, 2024 at https://www.woah.org/app/uploads/2021/03/contagious-bovine-pleuropneumonia.pdf.