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Abstract
This study evaluated the safety of bioactive labelled sub-fraction of Lawsonia inermis in male Wistar rats. Twenty male rats were used for this study of five rats per group. Three groups were administered methanol bioactive sub-fraction of Lawsonia inermis at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg for fourteen days while control received distilled water orally. Physiological weight increased in all treatment groups. The group fed with 10 mg/kg had the highest weight gain compared to other treatment groups and the control. Relative organ weight of the heart, liver, kidneys, testes and pancreas did not increase (p>0.05) in all the treatment groups except the pancreas in the group fed with 5 mg/kg that increased significantly (p<0.05). The sperm count in rats fed at dose rate of 10 mg/kg increased significantly (p<0.01) compared to other treatment groups. There were no significant differences in sperm motility, volume and live/dead ratio in the treatment groups compared to control. Haematological parameters such as, PCV, RBC, WBC and haemoglobin concentration were not significantly different compared to control. The AST increased significantly (p<0.01) while urea and creatinine decreased significantly (p<0.001) in group fed with 2.5 mg/kg. 5 mg/kg showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in total protein, urea and ALP while ALT increased significantly. Serum chloride ion at the dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg decreased significantly (p<0.05) when compared with other treatment groups. Sodium ion (Na+) decreased significantly (p<0.01), while Bicarbonates (HCO3-) increased significantly in the 5 mg/kg group. It was concluded that the bioactive sub-fraction of Lawsonia. inermis was safe at the administered dosages.
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References
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References
Abbot, D. and Andrews R. S. (1979). An introduction to chromatography; Longman publisher, New York, p.120.
Aremu, A. and Oridupa, A O. (2022). Lawsoniainermis Linn; Review of plant with both industrial and medicinal properties. MKH. 105-130 DOI: 10.20473. 33-205-130
Aremu, A. Oridupa, A O. Akorede, G. J. Olatunji, A. O. Basiru, A. Ahmed, O. A. and Raufu, I. A. (2022). Safety evaluation of Lawsoniainermis on Physiological, Andrological and Haematological parameters of Wistar rats. J. Basic Med. Vet. 11(2): 75-89
Barliana, M. I. Suradji, E. W. Abdulah, R. Diantini, A. Hatabu, T. and Nakajima-Shimada. (2014). Current Trends in Plant Disease Diagnostic and Management Practices. J. Plant Bio. 123(2-3):109–114
Ciddi, V. (2012): Natural product derived from plants as a source of drugs. J. Adv Pharm Tech and Res. 3(4): 200-201
Cyrus, J. Mohammed, R. S. and Tahere, N. (2015). The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of P. Crispumon sperm parameters, tetes tissue and serum nitric oxide levels in mice. J. Adv Biomed Res. 5(8): 4:40.
Ekor, M. (2013). The growing use of herbal medicines; issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front Pharm. 4(2):177.
Ernst, E. (2007). Adverse effect of spinal manipulation: A systemic review. J. Royal Sci Med. 100:330-338
Gowda, S. Desai, P.B. Kulkarnil, S. S. Hull, V. V. Math, A.A.K. and Vernekar, S. N. (2009). Markers of renal function test. New Ame J. Med Sci. 2(4):170-173
Kefer, J. C. Agarwal, A. and Sabanegh, E. (2009) Role of antioxidants in the treatment of male infertility. Int J. Urol. 16:449–457.
Khora, S.S. Panda, K.K. and Panda, B.B. (1997) Genotoxicity of tetrodotoxin from puffer fish tested in root meristem cells of Allium cepa. J. Muta 12(4):265-269
Nawagish, M. Ansari, S. H. and Ahmad. S. (2007). Preliminary pharmacognostical standardization of Lawsoniainermis Linn. seeds. Res. J. Bot. 2:161-164
Oladunmoye, M. K. and Kehinde, F. Y. (2011). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in treating viral infections among Yoruba tribe of South Western Nigeria. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 5: 2991-3004.
Philomena, S. Beevy, S. and Kuriachan, B. (2009). Leaf epidermal morphology and its systematic implications in the wild and cultivated species of Trichosanthes Linn., Luffa Mill. And Cucumis Linn. J. Eco. Taxo Bot. 33: 2:455-463.
Rasekh, H. R. Nazari, P. Kamli-Nejad, M. and Hosseinzadeh, L. (2008). Acute and subchronic oral toxicity of Galega officinalis Linn in rat. J. EthnoPham. 166(1):21-26
Rocha, A.O.B. Pita, K.M. Oliveira, C.A.X. Mota, E. C. Estevam, W.P. Viena, R.C.S. Sam, F.M. and Diniz, M.S. (2012). Toxicological effect of hydroalcholicextract ofPradosiahuberiDuckle in wistar rats. Braz J. Pharm. 93:373-381
Schmincke, K. H (2003). Medicinal Plants for forest conservation and healthcare. Non- Wood Forest Products 11, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Susana, O. M. Tonny, A. A. Mary, A. A. Daniel, B. Doris, K. Alfred, A. Augustine, O. Yaw, D. and Christian, A. (2019). Medicinal plants for treatment of prevalent disease. Edited volume, J. Pharmacol. 78:537-54
Wyrobek, A. J. (1980). Sperm assays in man and other mammals as indicators of chemically induced testicular dysfunction. In: Waters, M, D., Sandhu, S. S. Huisingh, J. L. Claxton, L. Nesnon, S. (eds) short-term Bioassays in the analysis of comples environmental mixture II. Envi Sci Res. 22.
Zhou, Q. Li, Y. Nile, R. Friel, P. Mitchell, D. and Evanoff, R. M. (2008). Expression of stimulated by retinoic and gene 8 (stra8) and maturation of murine gonocytes and spermatogonia induced by retinoic acid in vitro. Bio Reprod.78:537-545
Zumrutdal, E. and Ozaslan, M. (2012). A Miracle Plant for the Herbal Pharmacy; Henna (Lawsoniainermis). Intl J. Pharm 8:483 489. DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2012.483.489