Article Sidebar

Submitted
Jul 12, 2021
Accepted
Dec 25, 2021
Published
Dec 31, 2021
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 114 Download : 73

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

The serum biochemical changes in rabbits experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi and treated with crude ethanolic stem bark extract of Butyrospermum paradoxum (Sapotaceae) was determined. Thirty-five New Zealand rabbits were used for this study; they were divided into seven groups (A-G) of five rabbits each. Rabbits in groups (A-E) were infected each with 1.0 x 106 Trypanosoma evansi. Group A were simultaneously treated with 100 mg/kg of the extract; group B (200 mg/kg of extract) and group C (400 mg/kg of extracts) were treated for 4 days at 16 dpi (peak of parsitemia), while group D was treated with 3.5 mg/kg of Berenil® at 16 dpi, group E (infected untreated), group F (uninfected control). Group G was uninfected, but treated with extract at 400 mg/kg.There was complete clearance of parasites from the blood of rabbits in Groups B, C and D by day 26, while there was no clearance of parasite in group E. it took a minimum of 1 day and a maximum of 10 days to clear the parasites in the blood of treated groups. Infected rabbits treated with 200 mg/kg of the extract had longer clearance time for T. evansi induced parasitaemia. The enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and direct bilirubin concentration increased significantly (p<0.05) in the infected rabbits, while serum glucose significantly decreased (p<0.05). These biochemical parameters however, attained their normal pre-infection status at 40 days in the groups treated with 400mg/kg of the extract and 3.5mg/kg of Berenil®. The study shows that 400mg/kg of the extract was effective in eliminating the parasite at 19 dpi and a reversal of the biochemical parameters to normal.

Keywords

Biochemical changes; Butyrospermum paradoxum; Rabbits; Trypanosoma evansi

Article Details

Author Biography

K. A. Sanda, ‎Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry

How to Cite
Kyari, F., Mbaya, A. W., Sanda, K. A., Zango, M. K., & Abba, Y. (2021). Serum Biochemical Changes in Rabbits Experimentally Infected with ‎Trypanosoma evansi and Treated with Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of ‎Butyrospermum paradoxum (Sapotaceae)‎). Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 18(4), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v18i4.254

References

  1. Anosa, V. O. (1988). Haematological and biochemical changes in human and animal trypanosomosis Part II: Revue Elav. Med. Vet. Des. Pays Trop., 4(1): 65-78.
  2. Arowolo, R. O. A., El-Hassan, E. O. and Amure, B.O. (1989). Assessing hepatic dysfunction in rabbits experimentally infected with Tryapnosoma brucei. Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pay Trop. 41, 277-281.
  3. Babson, L. A., Grey, L.D., Colemn, C. M. and Phillips, G. D. (1996). Invitro determination of Alkaline Phosphatase in serum and plasma. Clin. Chem., 12: 482-490.
  4. Baker, R. G., Haydens, M. S., Ghosh, S. N.F. and Kappa, B. (2011). Inflammation and Metabolic Disease Cell Metab. 13(1):11-12.
  5. Boid, R., Mehamaud, M. M. and Grey, A. R. (1972). Change in the levels of some serum enzymes in dromedary camels infected with T. Evansi. Res. in Vet. Sci. 28: 336-340.
  6. Chechet, G. P., Umar, I., Nok, A. J., Adamu, S. and Omage, J. J. (2010). Plasma kinetics of intravenously administered lactose in saline in healthy and trypanosome congolense, infected rams. Afr. J. Bioctech., 9: 2926-2031.
  7. CIOMS, (1985). International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving animals (1985). Developed by Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences in Collaboration with World Health Organization (WHO), 1211 Geneva, 27, Switzerland.
  8. Egbe-Nwiyi, T. N., Igbokwe, I. O. and Onyeyili, P. A. (2005). Pathogenicity of Trypanosoma congolense infection following oral calcium chloride administration in rats. Afr. J. Biomed. Res., 8: 197-201.
  9. Gow, A. G., Simpson, J. W. and Picozzi, K. (2007). First Report of canine African Trypanosomosis UK. J. Small Ani. Pract. 48: 658-661.
  10. Gray, A. R. (1969). Serum Transaminase Level in Cattle and Sheep infected with T. vivax. Exp. Parast. 14: 374-381.
  11. Herbert, W. J. and Lumsden, W. H. R. (1976). Trypanosoma brucei: A rapid matching method for estimating the hosts parasitaemia. Exp. Parast. 140: 427-431.
  12. Igbokwe, I. O. (1994). Nutrition in the Pathogenesis of African Trypanosomosis. Prot. Abst. 9: 799-809.
  13. Jendrassick, L. and Grory, P. (1938). Colorimetric Determination of Bilirubin; Biochem. 297: 81-82.
  14. Kadima, K. B., Gyan, E.O., Serar, D. I. and Esievo, K. A. N. (2000). Serum biochemical values of infected cattle and effect of lactose in saline infusion. Vet. Archiv. 70 (2): 67-74.
  15. Kamunga, M. (2003). Socio-economic and cultural factors in the research and control of trypanosmosis. Information Division FAO, Rome, Pp. 1-10.
  16. Mbaya, A. W., Kumshe, A. H. and Dilli, H. K. (2014). Serum biochemical changes in dromedaries experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi and treated with melarsenoxyde cysteamine hydrochloride. Vet. Archiv. 84(4): 377-385.
  17. Mbaya, A. W., Nwosu, C. O. and Onyeyili, P. A. (2007). Toxicity and antitrypanosomal effects of Butyrospermum paradoxum (sapotaceae) stem bark in rats infected with Trypanosoma bruceiand Trypanosma congolense. J. Ethno. Pharmacol. 111: 526-530.
  18. Monzoo, C., Mancebo, O. and Russo, A. (2003). Antibody level by indirect ELISA test in Trypanosoma evansi infected horse following treatment with guinopyramine sulphate. Vet. Parasitol., 56-67.
  19. Natelsen, S., Scott, M. and Befra, C. A. (1951). Rapid method for the estimation of urea in biological fluids. Am. J. Path. 21(3): 275-281.
  20. Ogunwande, I. A., Bello, M. A., Olaware, O. N. and Muili, K. A. (2001). Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on Butyrospermum paradoxum. Fitote rapid 72: 54-56.
  21. Omotainse, S. O., Anosa, V. O. and Falaye, C. (1994). Clinical and Biochemical changes in experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection in dogs. Isr. J. Vet. Med. 49(1): 36-39.
  22. Oruhe, N. E. J., Nwanze, E. A. C. and Okafor, A. (2005). Serum total protein, albumin and globulin in Trypanosoma brucei infected rabbits: Effects of orally administered scopariadukis. Afr. J. Biotech. 4(10): 1152-1155.
  23. Rabo, J. S. (1998). Toxicity and Trypanosuppressing effects of stem bark extract of Butyrospermum paradoxum in Laboratory Animals. PhD Thesis, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.
  24. Sadique, N. A., Adejinmi, J. O., Ariri, H. (2001). Haematological and Palsma protien values of Zebu Cattle in Trypanosme-endemic Zone. Trop. Ani. Prod. Invest. 4: 219-223.
  25. Schmidt, E. and Schmidt, F.W. (1963). Glutamine pyruvic transaminase determination. Enzymol. Bio. Clin. 3:1.
  26. Sivajothi, S., Sudhakara, Reddy, B. and Rayulu, V. C. (2015). Haematological and Biochemical changes in experimental Trypanosoma evansi infection in rabbits. J. Para. Dis. 39: 2-216.
  27. Takeet, M. and Fagbami, B. O. (2009). Haematological, Pathological and Plasma Biochemical Changes in Rabbits Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma congolense. Sci. World J. 4(2): 29-36.
  28. Weilde, B. T., Lotzsch, R., Diehl, G., Sadum, E., Williams, J. and Warui, G. (1974). Trypanosoma congolense. I. Clin. Para. 36: 6-19.