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Abstract
This report describes a case of thoraco-omphalopygopagus type of conjoined twins in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Maiduguri, Nigeria. The conjoined camel fetuses were observed during postmortem at the Maiduguri Metropolitan Abattoir. Necropsy and radiography were carried out. There was thoracolumbar scoliosis in both fetuses, common thoracic and abdominal cavities separated by a diaphragm, fully developed but separate body features such as head, neck, limbs and tail. The heart, respiratory system and spleen were also separate but the fetuses shared a single large liver. Each fetus had separate gastrointestinal tract from mouth to cranial two third of jejunum that fused to form single caudal one third of jejunum and extended to the rectum. There were four ureters connected to a single bladder.There were bilateral kidneys and testicles located in the abdomen of each fetus. The findings of this report may assist to surgically resolve such cases when delivered alive for the survival of the twins or one of them. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of thoraco-omphalopygopagus twin in one-humped camel.
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- Ambar, S.S., Halkati, P.C. and Patted, S.V. (2010). Twin Heart with a Fused Atria and Separate Ventricles in Conjoined Twins. Ann.Pediatr. Cardio., 3(2): 196-198.
- Binati, D. and Riccaboti, P. (2011). Thoraco-omphalopagus Conjoined Twins in Chamois-coloured Domestic Goat kids. Anat.Histol.Embryol., 41(3): 159-162.
- Cywes, S., Millar, A.J. and Rode, H. (1997). Conjoined Twins- The Cape Town experience. Pediatr. Surg. Int., 12(4) 234-248.
- Hyttel, P., Sinowatz, F. and Vejlsted, M. (2010). Essentials of Domestic Animal Embryology. Ed., Betteridge, K. British, Sunders Elsevier, pp 338-348.
- Kamali, Y., Khaksar, Z., Sharaki, A.R., Rasouli, B. and Kajbafi, M. (2014). A Detailed Systematic Study of Monocephalic Symmetric Twin Lambs. Open Vet. J., 4(2): 124-127.
- Kaufman, M.H. (2004). The Embryology of Conjoined Twins. Childs Nervous System 20(8-9): 508-525.
- Kumar, S., Pandey, A.K., Kushwaha, R.B., Sharma, U., and Dwivedi D.K. (2014). Dystocia due to Conjoined Twin Monster in a Cow. Indian J. Anim.Reprod., 35(1): 54-56.
- Mazaheri, Y., Nourinezhad, J., Ranjbar, R.,Khaksary, M., Ghadiri, A., and Lombeshkon, H. (2014). A Case of Conjoined Twins (Thoraco-omphalopygopagusTribrachiusTetrapus) in Lamb. Vet. Res. Forum 5(1): 73-76.
- Noden, D.M. and de Lahunta, A. (1985). The Embryology of Domestic Animal. Development Mechanisms and Malformations. Baltimore, USA, Williams and Wilkins, pp 44-45.
- Nottidge, H.O., Omobowale, T.O., Olopade, J.O., Oladiran, O.O., and Ajala, O.O. (2007). A Case of Cranioniothoracopagus (MonocephalusThoracopagusTetrabrachius) in Dog. AnatomiaHistologiaEmbryologia36: 179-181.
- Roberts, S.J. (1971). Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital diseases. 2ndedn. Scientific Book Agency, Lucknow, India.
- Sonfada, M.L., Kwari, H.D., Umar, A.A.,Shehu, S.A., Wiam, I.M., Hena, S.A., Danmaigoro, A., and Onyeanusi, B.I.(2012). Fetal Age Estimation in Dromedarian Camel using Developmental Horizons. In the Proceedings of 3rd Conference of the International Society of Camelid Research and Development, at the Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. 29th Jan. - 1st Feb. 2012. pp 115-117.
References
Ambar, S.S., Halkati, P.C. and Patted, S.V. (2010). Twin Heart with a Fused Atria and Separate Ventricles in Conjoined Twins. Ann.Pediatr. Cardio., 3(2): 196-198.
Binati, D. and Riccaboti, P. (2011). Thoraco-omphalopagus Conjoined Twins in Chamois-coloured Domestic Goat kids. Anat.Histol.Embryol., 41(3): 159-162.
Cywes, S., Millar, A.J. and Rode, H. (1997). Conjoined Twins- The Cape Town experience. Pediatr. Surg. Int., 12(4) 234-248.
Hyttel, P., Sinowatz, F. and Vejlsted, M. (2010). Essentials of Domestic Animal Embryology. Ed., Betteridge, K. British, Sunders Elsevier, pp 338-348.
Kamali, Y., Khaksar, Z., Sharaki, A.R., Rasouli, B. and Kajbafi, M. (2014). A Detailed Systematic Study of Monocephalic Symmetric Twin Lambs. Open Vet. J., 4(2): 124-127.
Kaufman, M.H. (2004). The Embryology of Conjoined Twins. Childs Nervous System 20(8-9): 508-525.
Kumar, S., Pandey, A.K., Kushwaha, R.B., Sharma, U., and Dwivedi D.K. (2014). Dystocia due to Conjoined Twin Monster in a Cow. Indian J. Anim.Reprod., 35(1): 54-56.
Mazaheri, Y., Nourinezhad, J., Ranjbar, R.,Khaksary, M., Ghadiri, A., and Lombeshkon, H. (2014). A Case of Conjoined Twins (Thoraco-omphalopygopagusTribrachiusTetrapus) in Lamb. Vet. Res. Forum 5(1): 73-76.
Noden, D.M. and de Lahunta, A. (1985). The Embryology of Domestic Animal. Development Mechanisms and Malformations. Baltimore, USA, Williams and Wilkins, pp 44-45.
Nottidge, H.O., Omobowale, T.O., Olopade, J.O., Oladiran, O.O., and Ajala, O.O. (2007). A Case of Cranioniothoracopagus (MonocephalusThoracopagusTetrabrachius) in Dog. AnatomiaHistologiaEmbryologia36: 179-181.
Roberts, S.J. (1971). Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital diseases. 2ndedn. Scientific Book Agency, Lucknow, India.
Sonfada, M.L., Kwari, H.D., Umar, A.A.,Shehu, S.A., Wiam, I.M., Hena, S.A., Danmaigoro, A., and Onyeanusi, B.I.(2012). Fetal Age Estimation in Dromedarian Camel using Developmental Horizons. In the Proceedings of 3rd Conference of the International Society of Camelid Research and Development, at the Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. 29th Jan. - 1st Feb. 2012. pp 115-117.